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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the test for misrepresentation in a defamation case?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant appeal against his conviction for assault with intent to rape?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of comparing the facts of two separate cases?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for determining who is to be held responsible in a motor vehicle collision case?


New Brunswick, Canada

Is it discriminatory practice for a group of persons acting in concert to communicate or cause to communicate repeatedly hate messages over the Internet?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for retroactive aid in the context of retroactive disability benefits?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant liable in damages for negligent misrepresentation?


Ontario, Canada

How has the BCSC interpreted the hearsay rule?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a defendant denied equal protection because he was charged with a more serious crime than typical criminal charge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that society’s interest in protecting children from sexual abuse is paramount?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for disclosure of lawyer’s fees under client/solicitor privilege?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts interpreted the plain error doctrine in cases where a prosecutor made a statement that was inappropriate to the witnesses?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have any authority to pass on the starting date for credit under section 2900.5 and section 2933.1?


California, United States of America

How has the court treated evidence in the case of the possession of a prison-made knife in a surprise attack?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate sentence for attempted, willful, deliberate, deliberate and premeditated murder?


California, United States of America

How have courts considered medical malpractice cases in the past?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving an error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a joint and several promissory note?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the limitation period of action for prenatal medical malpractice?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to require the election of a count for abuse of power?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for asserting jurisdiction in a civil matter?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a defendant who has pleaded guilty to a federal charge of sexual assault have to appeal the denial of his suppression motion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for lifting a stay of custody of a child?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the effect of an error in a prosecutor's summation in a sexual assault case?


"New York", United States of America

Does a guilty plea constitute an admission of all the factual allegations in the indictment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a child is in need of protection under section 74(2)(b), (f) and (h) of the Child Protection Act?


Ontario, Canada

Can a defendant be convicted of possessing child pornography with a prior conviction requiring registration as a sex offender?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a judge consider whether to issue a warrant for the execution of a man who was shot in the head with a crossbow?


California, United States of America

What is the law around double jeopardy protection in the context of criminal cases?


California, United States of America

Does an obstetrician have a duty of care owed to a fetus where the fetus suffered a stroke before birth leading to atrophy to part of his brain?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be able to bring a new type of claim?


Alberta, Canada

Does the failure to mention that identification other than by serial number constitute an omission as to potentially applicable law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How does the California Superior Court treat an allegation of sexual assault as a cause of action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for identification under section 29 of the Extradition Act?


Ontario, Canada

Does a debtor have to waive his right to plead that he and his wife have "too few creditors"?


federal, United States of America

Can a stepparent who stands in loco parentis for child support be ordered to pay full guideline support?


Ontario, Canada

What circumstances fit comfortably with the exception to the rule against levying occupational rent?


British Columbia, Canada

How does the single publication rule apply in defamation cases?


California, United States of America

Is there any evidence that there was bias, prejudice, or discrimination against a jury at a jury trial?


California, United States of America

Does a notice of motion need to be included in the record?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff in a derivative action receive a pre-emptive costs order?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for finding a defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have an inherent right to a binding advance ruling which would spare him the need to raise specific objections before the jury?


California, United States of America

What is the jurisprudence discussing the principles to be applied in resolving applications seeking relief under s. 324?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the range of sentences for a defendant convicted of being a felon in possession of a dagger?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be able to claim damages for pain and suffering as a result of an RICO violation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts treated pleadings in a personal injury action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for disability benefits under the Social Security Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the tests for determining whether a person can be found to be legally bound by the law?


California, United States of America

Does a court have jurisdiction to determine whether jurisdiction exists?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of pleading and proving that a claim is unenforceable because it is barred by the statute of limitations?


California, United States of America

Does the jurisdiction of the federal courts need to be limited?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a petitioner have an absolute right to counsel in a habeas proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the relevant sentencing principles in the context of a robbery?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of the Court of Appeal's report on the exclusion of the widow from management of a medical equipment manufacturer?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a judge to make a decision in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the standard for substantial evidence review and independent judgment review?


California, United States of America

When can a plaintiff proceed in a civil case under a pseudonym?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a plaintiff sue for passing off his book by citing all their trade-marks?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the standard of care required by common law by the common law under common law?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the range of punitive damages awarded in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

In a criminal case, in what circumstances will the trial court grant a request to instruct on the general principles of law relevant to the issue?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff recover prejudgment interest in a mandamus action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to plead and prove actual innocence and exoneration of a crime of which he was convicted?


California, United States of America

What is the test for cross-examination in the context of the Sixth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will an informer be permitted to record a conversation in which a defendant is not present?


California, United States of America

How has the Court treated a material amendment of a claim under the California Health and Safety Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether the police could have done more in the circumstances?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of review for a motion to overturn a conviction for sexual assault?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review in a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Is a failure to exhaust administrative remedies a proper basis for demurrer?


California, United States of America

What is the substantial evidence required to overturn a finding of guilty beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Can an employer retaliate against an employee for requesting an accommodation for a physical disability?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a standard of care?


California, United States of America

What is the test for stale information in the context of a search warrant?


California, United States of America

Is a refusal to give a proposed jury instruction reviewed for abuse of discretion or de novo?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an arrestee object to the absence of a search warrant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal standard governing the admission into evidence of a breathalyzer test result?


"New York", United States of America

Can a defendant bring a claim of misconduct against a prosecutor for referring to evidence that contradicts his testimony?


California, United States of America

In an appeal to the 9th Circuit, how have the courts dealt with the issue of abuse of leave?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for an assault charge against an appellant?


Ontario, Canada

Is a unionized unionized employee entitled to arbitration in a dispute arising out of a collective agreement?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a bankruptcy judge identified the correct legal rule to apply to a plaintiff?


federal, United States of America

What is the test for making a probable cause determination in an assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an aider and abettor to be found guilty of the same crime?


California, United States of America

Is retroactive support a discretionary matter?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for contributory negligence in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

Does a voluntary dismissal of an action result in a judgment in the absence of a defendant as to whom the action was dismissed?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that there is a common element of substantial importance in a pimp case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a mentally disordered sex offender?


California, United States of America

Does the tendering process create a contractual relationship between the owner and the general contractor?


Ontario, Canada

What is the burden of proving for a plaintiff tolling under section 52-595 of the Connecticut Motor Vehicle Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a plaintiff who has been receiving treatment for a long-term brain injury for the last year or so contact with her doctor with reports that nothing has changed?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the natural and probable consequences doctrine apply to an aider and abettor?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the traditional Fourth Amendment formulation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts dealt with a motion to discover the identity of an informant in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have the power to withdraw a charge?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for a jury to acquit a defendant of a charge of first degree murder for an unlawful killing?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated eyewitness testimony in the context of an assault case?


California, United States of America

Is there a duty of care on the part of the Canada Revenue Agency?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a prejudgment order denying a motion for attorney fees appealable?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to review the entire record in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the current sentence for an inmate who was convicted of possessing an unauthorized firearm?


California, United States of America

Is gang membership evidence admissible in criminal cases?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of the federal court's finding of intentional indifference in the case of Lucas?


California, United States of America

Is stagnant air or poor lighting a sufficient harm for the Eighth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a pleading guilty to a charge of sexual assault waive a defendant's right to indictment by a grand jury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for "implied malice" in a murder case?


California, United States of America

How can a judge acquire personal jurisdiction over a defendant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a prosecutor made improper comments in a closing argument?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the principles to be applied under s. 2 of the Wills Variation Act?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a Charter remedy be granted in an extradition hearing?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of a continuance tolling the clock on a defendant's right to speedy trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for dispelling an expert’s charges?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for exclusion of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plea of justification in a libel action?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any evidence of self-induced hardship required under section 114 of the California Code of Civil Procedure to obtain a zoning variance?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for retaining status as a child of the marriage?


British Columbia, Canada

Does defendant have overcome the strong presumption that defense counsel's conduct fell within the range of reasonable professional assistance?


California, United States of America

What is sufficient to convict a person for assault?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant has been found in error in a motion?


California, United States of America

Are prior and at the time of purchase declarations admissible as evidence for or against the party who made them?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there an exception in the law where evidence of jealousy, quarrels, antagonism or enmity between two individuals is sufficient to convict one person of a crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for having a child with a parent who lives in Nokomis?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the state of the law on the definition of intentional killing?


California, United States of America

What is the test for having access to a child under the Child Support Act?


Ontario, Canada

What is the burden of a review of a recommendation of the disciplinary board?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of dominance?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does the word "adverse" mean something between unfavourable and hostile?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the guide lines of Miranda for a defendant in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the standard for deliberation and premeditation in a murder case?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated medical malpractice in cases involving an ectopic pregnancy?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for reversible error in a jury instruction in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What are the characteristics of a fiduciary obligation?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there a cause of action for civil conspiracy based on fraud?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting evidence in a motion for a new sentencing hearing under Proposition 36 or Proposition 47?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between implied malice murder and involuntary manslaughter?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law regarding jurisdiction of a foreign vessel operating on the high seas?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the 9th Circuit Court dealt with the issue of sexual assault on a minor?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on set-off?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for discretion of the Court of Appeal in deciding whether to grant relief under section 473 of the Code of Civil Procedure?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a defendant admitted to admitting that he was a member of a criminal gang?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of a medical malpractice claim?


California, United States of America

What is the sentence given to Defendant in a federal criminal case for aggravated identity theft?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for having in rem jurisdiction in a marital dissolution action?


California, United States of America

What are the principles set out in Houghton v.Houghton and what are the implications of the principles in the case law?


British Columbia, Canada

What constitutes substantial evidence of incompetence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Does the Human Rights Tribunal have jurisdiction to declare unconstitutional its own enabling statute?


Ontario, Canada

What role does a hearing judge have in a revocation proceeding?


California, United States of America

Does the US Sentencing Guidelines say that a medical condition might be sufficiently serious to warrant release?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a judge's decision to dismiss a motion for contempt of court is based on "misinformation or misreading of court records"?


California, United States of America

Can an amended complaint to describe the execution date of a contract be brought before the statute of limitations?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an intervener to intervene in a personal injury case?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is a party who makes a statement in the presence of a witness admissible for the purpose of showing the party's reaction to the statement?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a defendant to challenge the determination of the amount of damages awarded to a victim at a victim restitution hearing?


California, United States of America

How relevant are the personal characteristics of the victim and the setting of the crime?


California, United States of America

Does a federal district court err by failing to grant an evidentiary hearing on an allegation of vindictive prosecution?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a search of a vehicle pursuant to a warrant?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have to choose a defense strategy that could result in imposition of the highest possible penalty?


California, United States of America

What is the quantum of damages for wrongful dismissal?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of the date of birth on a motion to reopen a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for probable cause when stopping a pedestrian for questioning?


California, United States of America

What causes of action exist for bad faith denial of insurance coverage?


California, United States of America

Does the term "economic losses" apply to medical malpractice?


California, United States of America

Does a restoration statute need to be an explicit statute to have civil rights restored?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts dealt with the withdrawal of a defense counsel's subpoena?


"New York", United States of America

Can a witness be impeached for moral turpitude?


California, United States of America

Is a litigant's limited financial circumstances a shield against any liability for costs?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current state of the law on contract damages?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing a Complaint as a matter of law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant bring a motion for a certificate of probable cause?


California, United States of America

Is a criminal defendant entitled to appeal the denial of a new trial motion?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim of fraudulent misrepresentation, concealment or misrepresentation in relation to a science project?


California, United States of America

Can a court award double costs of all or some steps taken in a proceeding after the date of delivery or service of a formal offer to settle?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing a job relation in employment tests?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a defense counsel objected to only a few of the comments he now challenges?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reasonable suspicion in a stop by a police officer?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for a complaint alleging misconduct in a federal civil proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for appellate review in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of judicial review of an arbitration award?


California, United States of America

What is the test for causing undue prejudice in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Is there a right to access and use a public road?


British Columbia, Canada

How has the court determined that defendant remained an unreasonable risk to public safety while on probation and on parole?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of establishing that counsel's performance was deficient and unprofessional?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review in cases in which the People rely mainly on circumstantial evidence?


California, United States of America

Can a motion to suppress evidence seized from a witness be granted?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a restitution order against a defendant who has been found not guilty of a crime of which he was acquitted?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted privilege in a motion to amend a statement of claim?


Ontario, Canada

What is the error that resulted from the instruction to the jury that it should consider each of the six multiple-murder special-circumstance allegations as an aggravating factor in the penalty phase?


California, United States of America

Is there a distinction between a fair trial and a fair extradition proceeding?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for obtaining a warrant to search a ship on the high seas?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of losing access to a lane?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for reversing a finding of not guilty of murder by reason of insufficient evidence?


California, United States of America

Is a judgment upon the merits of a state action res judicata in a subsequent federal action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a police officer be held liable in damages for failing to come to the aid of another person?


California, United States of America

Does this court have jurisdiction to stay third party proceedings?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will the trial court exercise its discretion in refusing to grant the Attorney General's request for a hearing to appoint an expert counsel?


California, United States of America

Would it be warranted in the belief that the safety of the officer was in danger?


California, United States of America

What is the test for finding that a jury in a federal civil case has prejudiced a defendant's trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for bad faith in a police complaint?


Nova Scotia, Canada