Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.
What is the legal test for instructing a jury on theft by larceny?
California, United States of America
What is the test for awarding costs in a claim?
Ontario, Canada
Does a Minister of Employment and Immigration have to be held responsible for the Employment Minister’s employment policy?
Canada (Federal), Canada
Is there any case law concerning class indeterminacy and take-up of a class action?
Ontario, Canada
What is the qualification for a search and seizure?
California, United States of America
Is new evidence admissible on appeal?
Canada (Federal), Canada
Can a plaintiff bring a negligence claim against the state for the defective design of a bridge?
California, United States of America
What is the test for express malice in a murder case?
California, United States of America
What is the test for denying parole to a convicted criminal?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does a motion for appointment of counsel need to be heard before a district court to dismiss a pro se complaint?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the definition of an assault weapon?
California, United States of America
What is the legal test for setting aside an allegation of sexual assault?
California, United States of America
In what circumstances will the police be sued in negligence for failing to investigate and arrest a suspect who had committed a series of similar crimes in the same area?
British Columbia, Canada
How have the courts dealt with a motion to stay the execution of fines and fees for a defendant who appealed from a judgment?
California, United States of America
Is a warrantless arrest reasonable under the Fourth Amendment?
California, United States of America
Is evidence of aggressive and violent character in a murder case admissible under section 1101 of the California Criminal Code?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a verdict of deliberate and premeditated first degree murder?
California, United States of America
Are there any cases where allegations in an amended complaint are waived?
MultiRegion, United States of America
How have the courts dealt with the issue of a non-apparent failure to attend a school board hearing?
California, United States of America
Is a person or entity liable in tort merely for failure to take affirmative action to assist or protect another?
California, United States of America
In what circumstances will a defendant be prejudiced by a failure to transcribe discussions of jury instructions?
California, United States of America
What is the difference between a request for bail and a motion for habeas?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is there any case law in which a defendant who refuses to undergo a medical examination to prove his physical disability is allowed to continue to stand trial?
MultiRegion, United States of America
If plaintiff files an amended complaint in this court despite the court's indication that it would likely be subject to dismissal, can the court refer to a prior pleading?
MultiRegion, United States of America
How does the death penalty work?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a surety under a personal injury order?
California, United States of America
When a defendant is convicted of multiple charges arising out of the same act or omission, can the trial court stay execution of the sentence?
California, United States of America
Is a failure to raise a point in the trial court a waiver?
California, United States of America
In what circumstances will the Law Society of BC apply to the Bankruptcy and Anti-Laundering Rule?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a judge be disqualified from acting as a judge?
California, United States of America
What is the test for an action for breach of contract?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a plaintiff to claim income loss from a tortious injury?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for a federal agency's interpretation of a controlling statute?
California, United States of America
What is the judicial response to the question of admissibility of an expert opinion?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the appeal of a motion to suppress evidence arising from the execution of a warrant to search the home of a convicted felon in possession of a firearm?
California, United States of America
What are the issues that will be considered for appellate review of a denial of a suppression motion?
California, United States of America
What is the applicable principle on the principle of an agreement not to be reached until money is paid?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for evidence in a personal injury case?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a jury to acquit in the absence of evidence?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does a substantial delay in obtaining a search warrant for cell phone 2 render the search warrant stale?
California, United States of America
What is the standard of review applied by the Court of Appeal in determining sufficient evidence to convict a defendant?
California, United States of America
How have the courts treated a motion for a continuance in the opening brief?
California, United States of America
What is the test for determining the sufficiency of evidence in a murder trial?
California, United States of America
What is the impact of interim implementation of an assessor's recommendations?
Ontario, Canada
How have we interpreted the meaning of Rule 32 in a motion for post-conviction relief?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for making an arrest without probable cause?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Are defendants prejudiced by the remarks of the trial judge?
California, United States of America
What is the burden of proving that a plaintiff acted unreasonably in her actions?
British Columbia, Canada
What material facts must be disclosed to a judge on an ex parte motion?
Ontario, Canada
What is the background to the insurer's refusal to insure a mobile home?
Alberta, Canada
Is a 90% deduction for motor vehicle expenses valid?
Ontario, Canada
What is the legal test to apply for a mobility restriction order?
Alberta, Canada
What is the de novo standard of review in a personal injury case?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a police officer use excessive force against a man who is either actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight?
MultiRegion, United States of America
In reviewing a motion for a new trial based on a conviction purportedly not supported by the evidence, what is the standard of review?
California, United States of America
Can a party bring a motion to vacate under section 663 of the California Civil Code?
California, United States of America
Is Section 7206(1) of the Criminal Code a lesser included offence under section 7201 of the Code?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does the Owner of a strata lot have standing or standing in a dispute?
British Columbia, Canada
Is a notice of application not to be treated as a criminal indictment?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for a defendant to obtain leave of appeal?
British Columbia, Canada
What must be proved when a party is seeking rectification on the basis of unilateral mistake?
British Columbia, Canada
Is an easement that is no longer obsolete simply because other access to the easement has become available available?
British Columbia, Canada
Is a finding of oppression sufficient to award substantial indemnity costs?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for a common continuing intention?
British Columbia, Canada
How have courts dealt with the issue of medical malpractice?
California, United States of America
Does the fact that a judge asks a question the purpose of which is not so limited will not always require reversal?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does the Government have conceded standing on Sixth Amendment grounds?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) apply to a bank acting to collect a debt owed to itself?
California, United States of America
Can a person who makes a political contribution to their own campaign be denied a right to make their own speech if they are not allowed to make it free?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a refugee claimant rebutted the presumption that all the evidence submitted to it before rendering a decision?
Canada (Federal), Canada
What is the standard of appellate review on a family matter?
British Columbia, Canada
How have courts dealt with the issue of "our primary purpose is to ascertain and effectuate the intent of the voters who passed the initiative measure"?
California, United States of America
What is the proper test for insufficiency of evidence in a criminal case?
California, United States of America
Is a public body liable for damages under section 815 of the Government Code for injuries sustained by a motor vehicle accident?
California, United States of America
What is the "substantially unreasonableness" test for challenging a sentence imposed by a federal district court?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does the "efficient conduct of business operations" constitute a significant governmental interest justifying limits on free speech?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the state of the law on deliberate indifference in the context of prison grievance reviews?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is the evidence in a civil case unduly prejudicial?
California, United States of America
What is the standard of notice required by the City of Vancouver to remove a large sign from the front of a house?
British Columbia, Canada
Is a statement made to a police officer after an assault a testimonial?
California, United States of America
What is the test for establishing a resulting trust for the transferor?
Nova Scotia, Canada
Can a prisoner claim damages under the Eighth Amendment for environmental damage caused by environmental conditions that pose an unreasonable risk to his future health?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a defendant challenge a sentence that violates section 654 of the California Criminal Code?
California, United States of America
What are the implications of the Court of Appeal's decision in favour of the government in the context of section 8-1 of the collective bargaining agreements?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for assessing an unemployed rebuttal in a municipal employment application?
Alberta, Canada
Can a criminal defendant be punished more than once for the same criminal act or for a series of criminal acts?
California, United States of America
Does the jury have to agree that there was entrapment as a matter of law?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does the "law of the case" doctrine preclude a court from reexamining an issue previously decided by the same court in the same case?
MultiRegion, United States of America
In what circumstances have parties been required to give express undertakings to make no improper use of disclosed documents?
British Columbia, Canada
How have courts treated mitigating evidence in a criminal case?
California, United States of America
Does a search warrant need to search the vehicle of a drug dealer?
MultiRegion, United States of America
In an action for rescission due to an error in an advertisement, is the error in substantiating a claim?
Alberta, Canada
What are the considerations used in settling an application for leave to appeal rule 38 of the Court of Appeal?
Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Does Ruling 82-40 need to be re-examined?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the range of damages a plaintiff can claim in a motor vehicle accident?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test to determine whether a search of a vehicle was justified?
MultiRegion, United States of America
How have courts interpreted land use policy in the context of federalism?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the legal test for a party seeking attorney fees on appeal?
California, United States of America
What is the test for securing a search warrant for a search without a warrant?
California, United States of America
What factors will the court consider when awarding maximum costs in a personal injury action?
Ontario, Canada
Is there any case law where a correctional officer has been found liable for excessive force?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for dismissing a pro se complaint for failing to state a claim?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for loss of time for a plaintiff who was injured in a motor vehicle accident?
"New York", United States of America
Can a search of a vehicle without a warrant be used as justification for an arrest for a traffic violation?
California, United States of America
Can a separate act of violence against an unresisting victim or witness be considered incidental to a robbery?
California, United States of America
Is there an objectively serious medical need for an individual with HCV?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What are the consequences of defendant failing to object at the time of sentencing?
California, United States of America
If a child objects to return to the parent that has abducted or wrongfully retained the child, does the child's desire to remain with the parent be considered an acceptable reason for objection?
Alberta, Canada
Does a defendant have a right to use trade-names of a competitor's product without the consent of a third party?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is a failure to admit or deny relevant evidence a breach of natural justice?
Manitoba, Canada
What is the relevant delay for a renewal application brought after the period when the Writ (or Notice of Claim) has expired?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a state-law right underlying a claim be determined in a federal bankruptcy proceeding?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a judge interfere with a trial judge's findings of fact?
British Columbia, Canada
In what circumstances will the seizure of 392 pounds of marijuana be Charter compliant?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for determining whether a party has a right to sue for damages at the Superior Court of Justice?
California, United States of America
Can a plaintiff be held contributorily negligent in a motor vehicle accident?
Alberta, Canada
What is the impact of previous decisions on document production and strata governance?
British Columbia, Canada
What are the requirements of a motion to remand?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a defendant establish ineffective assistance of counsel?
California, United States of America
What is the test for dismissing an action sua sponte before service of process?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for discharge of a debt under Section 523(a)(2)(A) of the Ontario Bankruptcy and Insolvency Code?
federal, United States of America
If the parties cannot agree on costs, what are the parties' costs?
Ontario, Canada
Can a jury be misled by the unadorned instruction of the prosecutor and defense counsel that the jury has sole responsibility to determine whether death is appropriate in this case?
California, United States of America
Is a defendant liable for not wearing a seatbelt and driving on the wrong side of the freeway a concurrent cause of death?
California, United States of America
Is an expert opinion that is based upon hearsay inadmissible?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the effect of the Court of Appeal's recent ruling on an expert's expertise and familiarity with the equipment used to conduct a test?
California, United States of America
What is the test for seizure and search under the Fourth Amendment?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for attacking credibility of a witness?
California, United States of America
What is the effect of prejudice on a motor vehicle?
California, United States of America
What are the allegations in a wrongful action complaint?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the standard of care expected of a prudent real estate agent?
British Columbia, Canada
When will a solicitor be able to charge a client for their services?
Nova Scotia, Canada
Is the salary ordinance invalid because it sets rates which are so palpably unreasonable and arbitrary as to indicate an abuse of discretion?
California, United States of America
Is a mistake-of-fact defense defense defense harmless?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a motion for review for prejudice?
California, United States of America
Is a defendant's failure to object to "were they lying" questions forfeited a claim of prosecutorial misconduct?
California, United States of America
What is the test for 'applicable' in medical malpractice cases?
California, United States of America
What is the standard of review for a motion to dismiss on double jeopardy grounds?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does a prior conviction enhancement for on-bail constitute an abuse of discretion?
California, United States of America
What is the test used to establish probable cause?
"New York", United States of America
What is the test for enforcing section 4 of the Law Reform Act?
New Brunswick, Canada
What is the test for an abuse of discretion in sentencing?
California, United States of America
Can a motion for leave to amend an amended complaint be denied?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for ineffective representation in a medical malpractice case?
California, United States of America
What is the standard of review for a determination by an immigration officer of a foreign national under section 139 of the Regulations?
Canada (Federal), Canada
Is a defendant entitled to a shield of qualified immunity in a civil damages action?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the impact of the US Supreme Court ruling on a motion to prohibit the use of "prohibited activities" by the Department of Justice?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does the Attorney General have any grounds to argue that the phrase "as used throughout this Code" is ambiguous?
California, United States of America
What is the duty of a dentist to disclose to a patient?
Alberta, Canada
What is the current state of the law on criminal copyright infringement?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does Section 654 of the California Criminal Code bar multiple punishment in a case involving violence against multiple people?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a motion for summary judgment in a personal injury action?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for foreseeability in medical malpractice cases?
California, United States of America
Can a psychologist review another psychologist's report?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the burden on a plaintiff to have a preliminary injunction granted?
California, United States of America
What is the test for sufficiency of the evidence in the context of a conviction for possession of a controlled substance with intent to distribute?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does a defendant have an unfettered right to introduce evidence that is incompetent, privileged or otherwise inadmissible under the rules of evidence?
California, United States of America
Can a constructive trust arise where no common intention exists?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for discretionary registration for abuse of discretion?
California, United States of America
Can a defendant waive his right to a jury trial on the factual issues raised by a denial of prior conviction?
California, United States of America
What are the principles of spousal support in Canada?
British Columbia, Canada
Is facial review of the California Fire and Rescue Guidelines appropriate?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a judge to depart from the federal criminal sentencing guidelines when a defendant has pleaded guilty to a charge that has been dropped pursuant to a plea agreement?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a jury to find that a person who aids and abets in the commission of a crime has knowledge of the criminal purpose of the crime?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a reversal of a conviction on the grounds of ineffective assistance of counsel?
California, United States of America
Is there federal jurisdiction over this state law claim?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a state prisoner challenge the constitutionality of state parole procedures in a civil rights action?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a defence of insanity in criminal law?
Saskatchewan, Canada
How have courts interpreted the meaning of the word "general proposition"?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for determining whether there was any error in a jury trial?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a claim-of-right defense?
California, United States of America
What is the definition of the word structure?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for determining whether a defendant has ineffective counsel?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a payor parent be held to be intentionally underemployed if he or she chooses not to work when capable of earning income?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the effect of a district court's decision not to admit evidence or testimony for abuse?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is a murder that is premeditated and deliberated a murder of the first degree?
California, United States of America
What is the test for failing to state a cause of action?
California, United States of America
What is the test for determining if a jury instruction is susceptible to a reading that would render the verdict unconstitutional?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a defendant waive his right to a written supplemental probation report at the time of sentencing?
California, United States of America
What is the test for establishing a prima facie case in employment discrimination cases?
MultiRegion, United States of America
When will a defendant's claim that references by prosecution witnesses to their fears of testifying to the jury have been deemed unreasonable?
California, United States of America
Can a defendant who failed to object at trial to alleged prosecutorial misconduct argue on appeal that his inaction violated his constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel?
California, United States of America
What is the test for establishing that defective brakes caused an accident?
California, United States of America
Can a convicted felon have a right to a license?
"New York", United States of America
What is the relevant case law in the context of SPOUSAL MAINTENANCE?
Nova Scotia, Canada
What is the test for a defendant to plead before a jury in a criminal case?
California, United States of America
What is the test for making a claim for damages against a Defendant?
"New York", United States of America
What is the standard of review for discovery orders?
California, United States of America
What are the requirements for a probation officer to investigate and report to the court in every case in which a person is convicted of a felony and eligible for probation?
California, United States of America
Is there any difference in the outcome of an infant settlement application?
British Columbia, Canada
Is a defendant entitled to a new sentencing hearing at the same time as the previous hearing?
California, United States of America
What is the test for estoppel, cause of action and abuse of process?
Ontario, Canada
Who is the substantially successful party in a personal injury matter?
British Columbia, Canada
Is a defendant who commits an intentional and unlawful killing but who lacks malice guilty of voluntary manslaughter?
California, United States of America
Does the in camera deletion of a grand jury minutes constitute disclosure of information to the defense?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for establishing a testamentary in a holographic document?
Saskatchewan, Canada
Does a defendant have to rely on the law of "knowingly bringing contraband into a custodial facility" for the purpose of preventing contraband entering the facility?
California, United States of America
What is sufficient evidence to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt?
California, United States of America
What is the responsibility of the owner of a boat to ensure that the vessel is seaworthy?
British Columbia, Canada
What is a third party culpability instruction in a sexual assault case?
California, United States of America
