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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


When will a judge ask a prospective juror about their own bias?


California, United States of America

When is mitigation mitigation an obligation of a dismissed employee to accept a reasonable offer of new employment?


Canada (Federal), Canada

When a defendant commits both burglary and the underlying intended felony against a single victim, does section 654 of the California Criminal Code permit punishment for both crimes?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court refuse to order the sale of a jointly owned property?


Ontario, Canada

How is the burden of proof determined in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Is a long term disability insurance policy presumptively one of indemnity?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the test for obtaining a search warrant for a computer in the course of an investigation?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for excluding evidence of abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

What is the relevant evidence test in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

In the context of a rule of no duty for competitive sports, can a plaintiff rely on the assumption of risk defense?


California, United States of America

What is the test for calling a plumber to give evidence in a case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the basis for interfering with a judge's decision in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

Is Planet Bingo permitted to proceed on a claim for attorney fees that it had had to incur to obtain the defense and indemnity?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a government agent deliberately elicits from a defendant to make incriminating statements?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review of a Minister’s decision on an appeal pursuant to section 47 of the Indian Act?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does a federal district court have to leave considerable in the hands of the sentencing judge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there a reasonable likelihood of a defendant being convicted based on the testimony of an accomplice?


California, United States of America

Can a conspiracy be used to prove criminal liability for acts of the coconspirator?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that poor and ignorant persons entitled to a reversionary interest have been induced to sell at an undervalue?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

How have courts dealt with the issue of improper use of funds from a family trust?


California, United States of America

What is the best indication for assessing the value of a claim against a defendant?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing municipal liability for failing to provide adequate police training?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be liable for his own injuries if he was struck by a car as he was walking towards his car?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a judge take judicial notice of a fact that is not subject to reasonable dispute?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the state of the law in this case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances have courts ruled that a teacher’s union can claim death and sickness benefits from a tax assessor?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a medical malpractice or negligence sufficient to establish constitutional deprivation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the Kawauchi rule on the meaning of a written instrument?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for submitting or considering a crime as a lesser included offense of a crime for which a defendant has been indicted?


"New York", United States of America

Can a denial of natural justice go to jurisdiction in Canada?


Alberta, Canada

What is the burden of proof for a motion where the claim is not proven?


California, United States of America

What is the quantum of general damages in a personal injury action?


Ontario, Canada

Is a constructive trust that had served its purpose and was no longer necessary an equitable remedy?


Ontario, Canada

Does the Owner of a Strata Plan NW 1294 have jurisdiction to make corrections to a Form B certificate?


British Columbia, Canada

Is Without Prejudice an established exception to the Limitations Act?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for assessing an unemployed rebuttal in a municipal employment application?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for producing a psychologist’s notes?


Ontario, Canada

What is the duty of a medical professional to disclose?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the requirements for a trial court to instruct a defendant on an affirmative defense?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant competent to stand trial if he was confused by the court's explanation of the Fifth Amendment right to remain silent as it related to his right to testify?


California, United States of America

What is the case law on de novo review of legal questions at the Court of Appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a course of criminal conduct is divisible and therefore gives rise to more than one act within the meaning of section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Does a prison security measure in a maximum security unit violate the cruel and unusual punishment clause of the Eighth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a defendant have a right of confrontation or right to cross-examination?


California, United States of America

What is the test for excluding relevant evidence in a medical malpractice case?


Ontario, Canada

How does the Court assess the sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining child support under the California Child Support Guidelines?


California, United States of America

Is a course of conduct indivisible for purposes of section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Does the Court of Appeal have any authority or authority to assess the credibility of a witness?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a conviction of first degree felony murder?


California, United States of America

How have jury instructions been interpreted in the context of sexual assault cases?


California, United States of America

Is a section 1021.5 award for attorney fees barred from being awarded on a preliminary issue?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated jury instructions "as a whole" in a jury trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What factors are considered in the assessment of damages for a plaintiff's drug use prior to her accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a finding that a person voluntarily consents to a search?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any basis to argue that the District Court abused its discretion in denying plaintiff's motion for personal injury relief?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a state involuntarily administer antipsychotic drugs to a mentally ill defendant facing serious criminal charges to render that defendant competent to stand trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant oppose a modification of the implied undertaking?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a plaintiff to succeed in obtaining a judgment against defendant in an anti-SLAPP action?


California, United States of America

Is there a presumption in favour of the parent with primary residence?


Ontario, Canada

How has the court determined that defendant's severe mental disorder was a factor in the underlying crime?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will an administrative tribunal exceed its jurisdiction?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the Attorney General's failure to disclose unredacted videotape violate a defendant's right to privacy?


California, United States of America

Does a 10% administrative fee need to be imposed on a person sentenced to state prison?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review of a Master's decision?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for attenuation in a civil case?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for a judge to determine whether a child has been released from custody under a different custody arrangement?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any prejudice against a person who is not a plaintiff in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Is there an actionable tort for harassment?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of proof used by the Court to calculate future losses?


British Columbia, Canada

How has the HRTO treated age discrimination in employment law?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts interpreted the statute of limitation in cases where sales were made to minors who presented fake identification documents?


California, United States of America

Can a police force trick a suspect into confessing?


California, United States of America

How have defense counsel in a sexual assault case argued that a defendant was not under the influence when he was arrested?


California, United States of America

Is a debtor liable vicariously for the breach of fiduciary duty of an executor when the executor of an estate is found to have sold a debtor's assets?


federal, United States of America

Can a defendant waiver the right to appeal or collaterally attack a sentence that has yet to be imposed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are non-pecuniary damages for loss of enjoyment of life and loss of amenities?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for dismissing an action for want of prosecution?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review on appeal in cases where the evidence is based mainly on circumstantial evidence?


California, United States of America

Is a true condition precedent a valid condition precedent?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will a charitable bequest be held?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the statute of limitations for a deficiency assessment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making out a claim in negligence?


Ontario, Canada

Does the CRT have any authority to award reprehensibly reprehensible conduct damages to a strata corporation?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of a long-term partner’s claim for equal division of the matrimonial home?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the articles of association for Lakeside Colony?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for a claim of lack of notice?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the Court overturn an attempted murder conviction and the penalty of death be vacated?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing a complaint of a pro se plaintiff?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a mistake of fact defense need to be supported by substantial evidence?


California, United States of America

How have courts reviewed a conditional release order for a person committed to a state hospital?


California, United States of America

What is the test for impeaching a witness in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the requesting state be allowed to continue to certify the availability of evidence?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a subcontractor have standing to challenge the withholding of funds from an awarding body?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a disability is a result of multiple causes?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for due process under section 467 of the Laws of New York?


"New York", United States of America

Does the trial court have any constitutional error or error in failing to instruct the jury on third-party culpability?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief?


MultiRegion, United States of America

If a judge finds that a plaintiff has violated a plaintiff’s human rights in a civil case, does this rule apply?


British Columbia, Canada

If a plaintiff alleges violation of Section 1350 of the Civil Code of Civil Procedure, is it sufficient to invoke federal question jurisdiction?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a presumption of resulting trust apply to a purchase or transfer of property?


Ontario, Canada

Does a plaintiff have a right to appointed counsel in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for withdrawing an admission under the Rules of Civil Procedure?


Ontario, Canada

How have the courts in Wittenberg dealt with capacity, suspicious circumstances and undue influence?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the standard of review of a trial decision?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any difference between a statement expressing intent to kill and an actual crime?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of care owed to a railway?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of a person being moved 50 feet (1.5m) away from the crime scene?


California, United States of America

Does the trial court abuse its position in refusing to conduct an evidentiary hearing on the defense allegations of jury misconduct or in failing to compel jurors to testify?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have the authority to give a claim-of-right instruction in the context of a charge of violating section 10851?


California, United States of America

Can a distress made after judgment on the covenant to pay rent become illegal?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test to apply to a corporate plaintiff?


Yukon, Canada

How have courts interpreted credibility determinations and findings in a juror misconduct case?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant's failure to raise in the trial court the claim that this act has been violated bars assertion of the issue on appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant be found guilty of having a propensity to commit acts of domestic violence?


California, United States of America

When will an award for attorney fees be reduced based on allocation?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on knowability of a manufacturer of a product that fails to warn?


California, United States of America

Is there an award for employment prospects for an unemployed plaintiff?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the burden of pleading fraud in relation to the disclosure of confidential information?


California, United States of America

What constitutes a "necessarily included lesser" crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a counterclaim is in respect of a matter agreed to be submitted to arbitration?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a councillor be disqualified from office on the basis that he has a direct or indirect pecuniary interest?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the difference between the Superior Court of California and the Court of Appeal?


California, United States of America

Can a federal prosecutor be found to have committed misconduct by using Page 14 of the Federal Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Can a municipal fire department be held liable for any damage caused by the fault or negligence of the fire department or its employees?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for establishing inherent improbability in a witness statement?


California, United States of America

In determining whether a witness was properly found unavailable, how does the court review the development of the historical facts under the substantial evidence standard?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between a prior conviction for petty theft and sentence enhancements under section 666 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for certifying a witness as an expert?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to bring a claim under section 1983 of the Federal Civil Rights Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a motion to disqualify a judge be heard by the same trial judge?


California, United States of America

Can a decedent's interest in a partnership be taxed as intangible personal property?


"New York", United States of America

Can a sentence under section 654 of the California Criminal Code be challenged at the Court of Appeal on the grounds that the sentence was improperly sentenced?


California, United States of America

Does the Fourteenth Amendment require the state legislature to approach balancing as it has done in its own statute?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to sue his automobile insurance company at trial?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for making a statement of decision on a petition?


California, United States of America

Can an insured recover contract damages for bad faith failure to settle a claim against the insured within the policy limits?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of good cause for a night-time search warrant?


California, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a finding by a jury in a motion for a new trial?


California, United States of America

Is a servant entitled to damages for embezzlement?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is implied malice in a motor vehicle accident case?


California, United States of America

What is the standing of a plaintiff to bring a claim against a private property owner to challenge picketing activities on its private property?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing unjust enrichment?


Ontario, Canada

What is due care in the context of a motor vehicle accident?


"New York", United States of America

If a post-conviction petition is denied as untimely in the federal court, can the statute of limitations under Section 2244(d)(2) of the Criminal Code be tolled by a state court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a prosecutor have inherent authority to ask a grand jury to impeach a witness in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admissible evidence of a prior crime or bad act?


California, United States of America

What are the principles applied to an assessment of the cost of future care?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is mentally competent to stand trial?


California, United States of America

Is it reasonable for a Minister to conclude that a taxpayer has health problems but is able to operate a business?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for determining the sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for intent in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a conviction where evidence has been lost or destroyed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for an action for non-performance of duty?


Saskatchewan, Canada

How have courts reviewed expert testimony in medical malpractice cases?


California, United States of America

What is the statute of limitations for a claim of wrongful application of the amendment to the Social Security Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on visual privacy in the workplace?


California, United States of America

Can a parent sue for damages for an alleged violation of an adult child's civil rights caused "incidentally" by the federal government?


California, United States of America

Does the filing of an appeal for attorney fees stay?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of clinical judgment in medical malpractice when a radiologist fails to diagnose a fracture?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a federal judge required to conduct a thorough pretrial examination of a defendant's waiver of counsel?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances can a private defendant be found liable under Section 1983 of the Civil Code of Civil Procedure?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for using an occupational therapist’s “wish list” to justify an award?


British Columbia, Canada

Does improper instruction in a case affect the determination of a jury to convict a defendant of first degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for pleading not stating "facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action"?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing an abuse of discretion in denying leave to amend?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a reasonable contribution from the child for educational costs?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of persuasion regarding race motivation?


California, United States of America

What is the duty of disclosure of evidence in criminal cases?


California, United States of America

How has the evidence been presented at trial in a motor vehicle accident case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a defendant's confession was voluntarily made?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to vacate a judgment of conviction against a defendant who made a statement at sentencing that undermined the factual basis for his guilty plea?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements of a conspiracy under section 371 of the Criminal Code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to disqualify opposing counsel?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can plaintiffs who have been found to have lost standing in a civil action be substituted as real parties in interest?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of Rule 37B of the Canadian Rules of Civil Procedure and Procedure on the duration and expense of litigation?


British Columbia, Canada

How will the 9th Circuit review a decision to exclude testimony?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a jury be called to testify at an evidentiary hearing to determine the truth or falsity of allegations of juror misconduct?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the Supreme Court in BCSC 871 interpret the principles of the Court of Appeal in the context of the Canadian Court of Justice's decision on the doctrine of common law?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a mortgagee recover damages for removing fixtures from a house that is not covered by the mortgage?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What evidence exists to support a jury's finding of premeditation in a murder case?


California, United States of America

How has the Court considered reasonable suspicion of criminal activity in a search and seizure case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for proving a plaintiff's title in a quiet title action?


California, United States of America

What is the collateral source rule regarding SSI payments?


California, United States of America

Does an amendment to the constitution disclose a new cause of action?


Ontario, Canada

Does a defendant have to prove that he and his co-defendant conspired with others to evade tax?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for being a party to a contract for a rental vehicle?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Is it of no constitutional significance that the paint was scraped from the car after it was impounded by the police?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where the arresting officer has been found liable for failing to follow his own instructions?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the range of sentences for a man convicted of attempted murder and possession of a firearm enhancement?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a variation order on spousal support when the issue is reviewed by the court on January 17th of 1997?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for proving liability for a fire?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the state's interpretation of Section 363(1) of the California Statutory Code of Civil Procedure?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in relation to disclosure of personal information?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining an appropriate award for costs of future care?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the courts considered the credibility of an alleged torture victim in their disclosure rulings?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current state of the law on the best interests test?


Ontario, Canada

What is the burden of proof when a breathalyser fails?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for whether a party has submitted a dispute to arbitration?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff required to provide an explanation as to why a statement or omission was false or misleading?


MultiRegion, United States of America