What is the legal test for reinstatement of a lawyer who refuses to accept a finding of guilt against him?

Ontario, Canada


The following excerpt is from Watt v. Law Society of Upper Canada, 2005 CanLII 21111 (ON SCDC):

In that same case, Tauro C.J. eloquently described the dilemma facing an honest person who does not accept a finding of guilt against him, stating as follows at p. 437” Simple fairness and fundamental justice demand that the person who believes he is innocent though convicted should not be required to confess guilt to a criminal act he honestly believes he did not commit. For him, a rule requiring admission of guilt and repentance creates a cruel quandary: he may stand mute and lose his opportunity; or he may cast aside his hard-retained scruples and, paradoxically, commit what he regards as perjury to prove his worthiness to practice law. Men who are honest would prefer to relinquish the opportunity conditioned by this rule: “Circumstances may be made to bring innocence under the penalties of the law. If so brought, escape by confession of guilt … may be rejected, - preferring to be the victim of the law rather than its acknowledged transgressor – preferring death even to such certain infamy.” Burdick v. United States, 236 U.S. 79, 90-91, 35 S. Ct. 267, 269, 59 L.Ed. 476 (1915). Honest men would suffer permanent disbarment under such a rule. Others, less sure of their moral positions, would be tempted to commit perjury by admitting to a nonexistent offense (or to an offense they believe is nonexistent) to secure reinstatement. So regarded, this rule, intended to maintain the integrity of the bar, would encourage corruption in these latter petitioners for reinstatement and, again paradoxically, might permit reinstatement of those least fit to serve. We do not consider in this context the person who admits committing the alleged criminal act but honestly believes it is not unlawful. Accordingly, we refuse to disqualify a petitioner for reinstatement solely because he continues to protest his innocence of the crime of which he was convicted. Repentance or lack of repentance is evidence, like any other, to be considered in the evaluation of a petitioner’s character and of the likely repercussions of his requested reinstatement.

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