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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the formal starting point of a marriage-like relationship?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining the validity of an administrative ruling?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a change of order relating to custody, guardianship or access?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a negotiated plea of guilty constitute an express waiver of the statutory right to appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have instructions been interpreted in a murder case?


California, United States of America

What are the costs of rejecting a defense offer?


California, United States of America

What is the test for standing to challenge a search and seizure of a stolen vehicle?


California, United States of America

What is the meaning of the word "significant"?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for knowing assistance of a fraudulent trust?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for determining damages in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal basis for a jury to convict a defendant of possessing materials used to manufacture methamphetamine?


California, United States of America

Does a driver have a presumption of negligence in a motor vehicle accident where, at the time of the collision, the driver was asleep at the wheel?


"New York", United States of America

What is the effect of scientific "test" in the context of medical malpractice cases?


"New York", United States of America

When will the court refuse to allow the defense to instruct the jury on kidnapping for robbery?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a specific provision in provincial law should be applied?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for injunctive relief?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for admissibility of other crimes evidence in a sexual assault trial?


California, United States of America

Is simple possession a lesser-included offence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a child of Chinese parentage born in Vancouver able to work in the mines?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for leave to examine a non-party for discovery?


Ontario, Canada

What is the relevant case law in the context of sexual assault cases?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for a mistrial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for judgment of acquittal under section 1118.1?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admonishing counsel to refrain from making improper or improper remarks?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the factors used to determine the exclusion of evidence in a sexual assault case?


Alberta, Canada

Is there an error of law or jurisdiction in a trial judge's decision not to issue a search warrant for a fishing trawler?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for reasonableness in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on breach of statutory duty?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does a defendant have to serve two separate sentences for assault under section 667, subdivision 667 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Can a motorist be held liable for the injury of a pedestrian who slipped and fell on ice and was struck by a vehicle while crossing a road?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for presumptive effect on allocation in an indemnity action?


California, United States of America

What matters in satisfying the government's burden of proof in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the meaning of a paragraph in a commercial agreement that states that a contractual agreement does not stipulate that a contract does not contain the following items?


California, United States of America

Does a full resentencing rule apply?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to determine whether a reasonable person in a similar position would have felt free to leave during questioning?


California, United States of America

Does a union's decision that a particular grievance lacks sufficient merit to justify arbitration constitute a breach of the duty of fair representation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for amended complaints?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of access to counsel, access to transcripts and access to appellate review?


Alberta, Canada

Can a plaintiff bring a claim for equal protection and due process violations against the federal defendants?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for acquittal pursuant to section 1118.1?


California, United States of America

What is the test for unconscionable dealing?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the appropriate retirement age for a retired person who would have retired at the age of 62?


Alberta, Canada

Can a partially physically disabled voter cast an absentee ballot with the assistance of a third party?


California, United States of America

How have we reviewed the record in our review of the record on an appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a confession is voluntary?


California, United States of America

Can a juror be removed under section 1089 of the California Civil Code?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review applied in the closing argument of a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a right of way in perpetuity?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the range of damages available to a plaintiff in a nuisance action?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the right to compel a suspect to give a statement under the Miranda Rule?


"New York", United States of America

In what circumstances would a prosecutor be liable under Section 1983 of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for selecting a jury from a pool that does not discriminate against a minority?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant required to prove that they were involved in a conspiracy before the crime was committed?


California, United States of America

What is the meaning of the phrase "notwithstanding any other provision of law"?


California, United States of America

Is grand theft an included crime under the accusatory pleading test?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a jury be required to define a common law term?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an amended civil rights complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a municipality have to be liable for injuries sustained by a motor vehicle driver?


"New York", United States of America

When will a judge ask a defendant to plead not guilty to a charge of sexual assault?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the "distinct possibility" standard in determining whether a claim can be denied?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How is the law relevant to calculation and considerations of cost of future care?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a federal judge have authority to order restitution for a defendant who committed a sexual assault on a minor child under the Federal Probation Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the definition of a bodily injury?


California, United States of America

How have the courts dealt with timely objection to an allegation of sexual assault?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admissibility of evidence in criminal cases?


California, United States of America

What is the limitation period for a plaintiff to bring a claim for damages under the BC SPCA?


British Columbia, Canada

If a party preserves their claim of error on a district court's evidentiary ruling, will that party be reviewed for abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for dismissal upon the opening statement of plaintiff's counsel?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court allow a plaintiff to seek damages for undifferentiated damages?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current state of the law on warrantless searches of commercial premises?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for whether a defendant has intent to commit an act of violence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any error to instruct the jury that there may be no appreciable space between the intent and the act of killing?


"New York", United States of America

Can a stay be sought on election restrictions?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of assault with a deadly weapon and resisting arrest?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between a conviction for impaired driving and a stay of conviction?


Ontario, Canada

Is there a case by case approach and continuing surveillance of financial affairs by the courts?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is reasonable compensation for a plaintiff in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an accountant's interpretation of the tax laws be relied upon by a taxpayer?


California, United States of America

What is the test determining whether an application should be converted to a civil action?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the burden of proving that a plaintiff's failure to follow the advice of doctors with respect to treatment is reasonable or unreasonable?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts interpreted witness testimony in cases where witnesses have been found not guilty of racial discrimination?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the Respondent's request for a last chance to provide a sample?


Ontario, Canada

Can a farmer be said to have permitted a fire to have escaped from his land?


Saskatchewan, Canada

How is the date of a motion to be heard in a civil proceeding pro se?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the substantial likelihood test for determining whether a juror has been prejudiced at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the fact that a relatively inexperienced lawyer was given instructions by her client to seek an extension of time for an application?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is an opinion from a police officer who interviewed an addict on whether more addiction is caused by pain medication?


California, United States of America

Is it a federal error that crime requires general not specific intent rather than specific intent?


California, United States of America

Can a motion for discovery be reviewed for abuse of power?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for apportioning fault between a plaintiff and a defendant driver?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an independent review of the record on an appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a writ of habeas corpus in a new federal district court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What position does the court take in respect of an unlawful contract?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for determining whether an uncharged crime is necessarily included in a charged crime?


California, United States of America

How have conspiracy principles been interpreted in criminal cases?


California, United States of America

What is the result of a hearing on a disclosure application brought by an Applicant/Person Sought for Extradition?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of a writ of mandamus to invalidate the title of a person who has not been recorded?


Saskatchewan, Canada

When will a solicitor refuse to execute a will for an elderly woman with dementia?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

Is there any case law where a jury was instructed on two competing theories of premeditated first degree murder?


California, United States of America

Can an employer be found to have breached its employment contract with a plaintiff by causing her mental distress?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for reversing a judgment in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law or case law that supports a claim for declaratory relief?


California, United States of America

Can a mortgage be declared unconscionable?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a federal district court have to consider sentencing disparities between co-defendants who have a similar criminal record?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the court treated the special circumstance allegation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for denying a defendant access to juror identifying information after the trial has concluded?


California, United States of America

What is the consequence of a defendant's failure to attend treatment for mental health issues?


California, United States of America

What is the test for undue hardship in a medical malpractice case?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law in which a defendant has been found guilty on substantive counts of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does terminating a mother's parental rights violate the federal constitution?


California, United States of America

What is the test for habeas relief in the context of a criminal appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admitting identification evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Does the right to counsel apply to the giving of a statement that one will or will not submit to the Vehicle Code?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a motor vehicle accident on the driver's license?


California, United States of America

Can an equalization regime be challenged where the circumstances relied upon as "unconscionable" have arisen merely from the application of a statutory scheme?


Ontario, Canada

Does Section 30 of the Rules of Civil Procedure, s.30(1) of the Criminal Code, allow a delay of more than two weeks to complete a hearing?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for making an interlocutory order?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is sufficient for a jury to find that the prison medical system ignored or disregarded a sick call request?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of redactions to statements by the police officer who gave evidence to a jury in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Is a conviction for sexual assault admissible?


California, United States of America

What is the test for granting unsupervised access to a person with a mental illness?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proving consent to search?


California, United States of America

Can a dividend be paid within the bankruptcy proceedings?


Ontario, Canada

Is common issue #1 of a product liability/negligence claim certified?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the common law grounds for a contributory negligence finding in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a jury's failure to instruct them about an essential element of a crime a constitutional error?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on s. 46(1) of the Criminal Code in s.46(2) of Division 6?


British Columbia, Canada

When reviewing a judgment dismissing a complaint after the granting of a demurrer without leave to amend, does the court have to assume the truth of the complaint?


California, United States of America

Is the Richards rule valid when a car is stolen from a parked vehicle?


California, United States of America

Does complying with an undertaking in a personal injury action materially advance an action?


Alberta, Canada

Does a resulting trust arise when title to property is in one party's name but that party gave no value for the property?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a federal defendant be able to avoid prosecution in a state court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the Hobbs Act and what is the test for making a claim of robbery?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a long-standing precedent?


federal, United States of America

Does the waiver doctrine apply to a charge of burglary under section 654 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

Does appellant have to change her argument to support her claim that the equalization of children between custodial and non-custodial parents is justified?


California, United States of America

What is the standard for a determination of negligence in a motor vehicle accident?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for intentional infliction of emotional distress?


California, United States of America

How has the statute of limitations been interpreted in a retrial?


California, United States of America

Does a certificate of probable cause need to be issued to support a plea bargain?


California, United States of America

What is the test for remand of an indeterminate Page 2 in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim for the division of family assets?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a court dismiss a spousal support claim arising from the death of the husband?


British Columbia, Canada

In a personal injury action, has the court ever awarded special costs for non-disclosure of documents?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for breaching a restrictive covenant in a condominium scheme?


Alberta, Canada

Does a defendant have a right to a jury trial to determine whether his prior conviction qualifies as a strike?


California, United States of America

What is the test for changing a child's name?


Ontario, Canada

What is due diligence in attorney misconduct cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the court considered the specific circumstance of a payor spouse’s obligation to pay child support to a second family?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for reversal of a motion for failure to disclose evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of section 923 of the California Labor Code on employment law?


California, United States of America

What is the test for granting a continuance to obtain a witness?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review applicable in the appeal?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What are the Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for proof of past work with a school district?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an allegation of sexual assault in a foreign jurisdiction?


"New York", United States of America

What are the consequences of possessing a firearm as a felon in violation of section 12021, subdivision (a) of the Ontario Penal Code?


California, United States of America

When will the court give the unanimity instruction in a murder trial?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the discovery of a bomb sweep in a search warrant affidavit?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether consent is voluntary?


California, United States of America

What is the test for compensatory support?


Alberta, Canada

What is the current state of the law around the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination?


California, United States of America

Can a doctor plead deliberate indifference in a medical malpractice case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the exclusionary rule apply to a defendant who has been found in breach of a federal agency regulation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for dismissal of a prior strike conviction for abuse of power and abuse of authority?


California, United States of America

Does a felon in possession of a firearm preclude the prosecution of a manslaughter charge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for inordinate delay in determining whether there is serious prejudice to a plaintiff's claim?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is design immunity for a plaintiff in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

Does the absence of an informant prevent plaintiff from confronting the government in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts treated a motion to amend a pleading?


California, United States of America

What are the relevant factors that a court will consider to set aside a default judgment?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of an order suspending the enforcement of arrears?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for misconduct in a federal civil case when the jury finds that a prosecutor who uses deceptive or reprehensible methods to persuade the jury to convict him of misconduct?


California, United States of America

Is a neighbour entitled to trim the branches of their neighbour's tree to the extent those branches extend over the property line?


British Columbia, Canada

What factors are considered to be sufficient to justify a sentence of life imprisonment for sexually abusing his stepdaughter?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a motion judge’s consideration of the seriousness of the contempt finding?


Ontario, Canada

Is a defendant entitled to review the pleading of a motion for a certificate of probable cause?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of fraudulent misrepresentation?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for cross-examination of witnesses in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a complaint will survive a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the purpose of the defence of qualified privilege?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law regarding the dismissal of a member of the department of fire and buildings for gross misconduct?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for determining whether extraneous material contributed to a jury's verdict?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of section 186.22(b)(1)(C) of the California Criminal Code on a life sentence for a violent crime committed for the benefit of a street gang?


California, United States of America

When there are competing expert testimony, can a motion for summary judgment be granted?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for admissible evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of a fraudulent misrepresentation claim?


California, United States of America

Can a commercial establishment be a scene of a shoplifting crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a secret trust?


Ontario, Canada

What is the quantum of damages that a party can reasonably expect to pay in future litigation?


Ontario, Canada

What is said to be a constructive dismissal?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a landlord's duty of care in the context of an ongoing medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of our holding sustaining the booking search?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test used to determine whether a notice of appeal is valid or invalid?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for denying a plaintiff's costs?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a motion for a new trial be brought against counsel for ineffective assistance?


California, United States of America

How has the court in India assessed an offer made to a private member of a professional club?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of a third party's failure to admit liability to a plaintiff prior to trial?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a word in a statute have to be given ordinary meaning?


MultiRegion, United States of America