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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


When is a party entitled to production of documents from a third party?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a percentage of the gross sales of general provincial distributors a tax on gross sales?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the consequence of a failure to obtain an informed waiver to a jury trial?


California, United States of America

Is a fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to the jury?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate sentence for an assault with intent to murder?


California, United States of America

Does the testimony of a party or interested person have to be disregarded or discounted on the grounds that they have a personal or financial relationship with a party?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the courts interpreted the issue in this case?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant subject to a retrial if he secures on appeal a reversal of his conviction based on insufficiency of evidence?


California, United States of America

Does a criminal defendant have waived their statutory right to appeal in a negotiated plea of guilty?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a prima facie case in an employment discrimination case?


California, United States of America

Is Rule 244.1 automatic or final?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for awarding attorney's fees after a successful section 425.16 motion?


California, United States of America

Can a jury overturn a finding of intent by a jury in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Can a prosecuting attorney be disqualified as a witness?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on "pressure and cajole" and "actively mislead" interviewees?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the contingency of new employment within the 11 month notice period?


Ontario, Canada

Is 2D1.4 of the Criminal Code applicable to a defendant convicted of possession with intent to distribute?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving vindictiveness against a defendant in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a threat under section 422 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a parent to make a substantive due process claim against the state for interfering with the welfare of their child?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for interpretation of a clause in a contract where a plaintiff is required to provide a written assurance of his own rights?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for "willful misconduct" in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What authority does the Court have in dealing with allegations of improper sale of beer?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What grounds of appeal have been appealed against the sentence of a convicted drug dealer convicted of possession of a drug with intent to commit a sexual assault?


California, United States of America

What is the test for the purpose of dismissing an action for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does section 1170(d)(1) of the California Criminal Code give the trial court authority to resent the sentence of a defendant pursuant to Section 1170 of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a judge to order that an appellant be released from custody pending appeal?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What are the damages awarded in defamation cases?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for an assertion of genuine belief in a claim?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for setting a lodestar in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to dismiss an indictment based solely on factual allegations?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for establishing a pretext for the termination of a child by accident?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining contractual intent and mutual and common mistake?


British Columbia, Canada

What criteria must be met to determine a dangerous offender's sentence?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for impaired driving in a motor vehicle case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a "no-knock" provision in a search warrant?


"New York", United States of America

Does the federal rule of evidence govern privilege regarding privilege regarding a claim or defense for which state law governs?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to prove that their disability was not a factor in their neglect?


California, United States of America

Can a search warrant affidavit and affidavit be sealed to protect the confidentiality of witnesses?


"New York", United States of America

What is the case law on involuntary transfer of inmates between federal and provincial institutions?


British Columbia, Canada

Does Rule 20 of the Rules of Civil Procedure deal with a summary judgement motion?


Ontario, Canada

What constitutes misconduct of counsel at a credible basis hearing?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for habeas corpus review?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a peace officer making an arrest on a private premises without a warrant in the execution of his duty?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can a plaintiff escape the exhaustion requirement when the argument is so obvious that there is no need for a commentator to point them out specifically?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for reversal of a verdict when the jury instruction is factually unsupported?


California, United States of America

What is the test for setting aside an under value contract?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Can a plaintiff argue that he was denied equal protection under section 1108 of the California Code of Civil Procedure because he did not object on the basis of his right to equal protection?


California, United States of America

Can a lessor be held liable for breach of a covenant by an independent contractor?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What are the elements of a provocative act of murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a judge to order the involuntary administration of an antipsychotic medication?


California, United States of America

Is a police interview inadmissible because the interview contains a defective Miranda warning?


California, United States of America

Is a mechanic's lien enforceable?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of conduct of an experienced insurance adjuster?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proving that a party asserting accommodation party status received no value in exchange for their execution of a promissory note?


Ontario, Canada

What are the grounds of appeal in a motor vehicle accident case?


California, United States of America

Can rescission be rescinded where the rights of third parties are prejudiced?


California, United States of America

Is suppression available in the prosecution of students when evidence has been illegally obtained but without police involvement?


California, United States of America

Is a mortgagee who has made a loan on mortgage, but has not executed the mortgage deed, bound to give effect to a proviso that reduces the interest rate of interest on punctual payment?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a jury to determine whether a plaintiff has suffered great bodily injury?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be multiply convicted of simultaneous possession of a substance proscribed in only one section of the Health and Safety Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for denying an attorney fees petition for an abuse of power?


California, United States of America

Does the procedural default rule "at the time of the claim should have been raised"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the prosecution need to "rule out all possible or imaginary causes of the fire"?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reasonable self-defense in the context of a homicide case?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where evidence of abuse was not excluded from a jury trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for granting probation to a convicted rapist?


California, United States of America

Does the Government have sufficient evidence to support its claim that plaintiff reacted with extreme violence to contact a uniformed police officer?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a request for attorney fees in a marital dissolution action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for proving only the allegations in a statement of claim?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for interpretation of the habendum clause in a lease?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a motion to suppress a search warrant?


California, United States of America

Can a decision maker in interpreting a statutory provision, in the context of reasonableness review, fail entirely to address all possible shades of meaning?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for determining whether a taxpayer improperly obtained income from a bank deposit account?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for interpretation of the words “to be construed in one sense only” in the words of a statute?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a civil action against a state, its agencies and its officials acting as an official?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the definition of reasonable doubt given during jury selection constitute a jury instruction?


California, United States of America

When will the prosecution use a prior manslaughter conviction to impeach appellant's testimony on a charge relating to possession of a concealable firearm?


California, United States of America

Can a fee be payable on a quantum meruit basis if there is no agreement for a fee for services rendered on request?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law in relation to human rights abuses?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for an interim interlocutory injunction?


Ontario, Canada

Can a municipality be held liable to a property owner if it is negligent in the enforcement of a building bylaw containing mandatory provisions?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the balance of convenience with respect to a removal order?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the duty of the trustees of an estate to accept or reject an increased offer from a third party?


Alberta, Canada

What factors are considered in the art of assessment?


British Columbia, Canada

Is an attempt to commit a crime known to law, that was thwarted by chance, still a criminal attempt under section 24(1) of the Criminal Code?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will a defendant appeal his conviction for second degree murder?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be held liable for gross misconduct in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a restitution order constitute a collateral attack under Section 2255 of the Criminal Code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an expert be cross-examined more extensively than a lay witness?


California, United States of America

Does appellant forfeit the right to raise the issue below?


California, United States of America

What is the consequence of a jury finding an appellant guilty of child luring under 16?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current state of the law with respect to the scope and scope of a document request?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts considered Miranda warnings that do not inform a defendant of his right to consult with appointed counsel prior to questioning?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a visa application entitled to rely upon evidence which was not before the visa officer in the course of making a decision?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does a negative finding on personal use enhancement mean the accused was not a direct perpetrator of the crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for proving an official was subjectively aware of a risk to inmate health or safety?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the range of damages in a defamation action?


British Columbia, Canada

Can evidence obtained as a result of an unlawful search or other illegal police conduct be inadmissible?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate period of notice for a plaintiff in her claim for wrongful dismissal?


Ontario, Canada

Can a sentence imposed by a different judge apply to a defendant who has pleaded guilty to a similar charge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an agreement between a person and another?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the Human Rights Division have jurisdiction to discharge an employee because of disability?


"New York", United States of America

What is the effect of a common law rule of completeness on a witness in evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that appellant was properly advised to plead nolo contendere?


California, United States of America

How is a plaintiff's capacity to earn income calculated when they have lost their capacity to work?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law in this circuit on the doctrine of Section 22 of the Civil Code of Civil Procedure?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for a new trial based upon jury misconduct?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant denied a fair trial if the prosecution's case depends substantially upon the testimony of his or her accomplice?


California, United States of America

Can a motor vehicle accident be employment-connected where the accident occurred on a driveway or roadway extending between the employer's premises and the public roadway?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for certifying a motion?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for intentional blindness in criminal law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing a federal action seeking an injunction to stop a state criminal proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for corroboration of testimony of an accomplice in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for upholding a Commissioner's disability determination?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in Canada regarding the criminal offence section of the Income Tax Act?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the result of a motion to dismiss the use of a dangerous weapon allegation against defendant?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will police officers conducting a prostitution sweep see a defendant talking to a prostitute?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the trial court bar defense counsel from making references to well-known murderers in closing arguments?


California, United States of America

Is there probable cause to arrest a suspect when "the facts available to the officers at the moment of the arrest would be reasonable caution"?


California, United States of America

What are the grounds of appeal in a case brought by the Court of Appeal?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the meaning of a doctor's notes in a patient's clinical record?


British Columbia, Canada

When a claimant is attending a course of instruction, can the claimant claim disability benefits?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can a motion to dismiss an appeal from a defendant who has been released on parole be dismissed?


"New York", United States of America

What are the advantages of a class action?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the fact of great bodily injury need to be used to support both the upper term and the great bodily injuries enhancement for count six?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will legislation be found vague and unenforceable?


Ontario, Canada

Does a debtor have standing to pursue a claim against the debtor's property in bankruptcy?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does section 3303, subdivision (g) of the California Civil Rights Act, make a claim of a "constitutional right to silence"?


California, United States of America

Can an appeal be appealed from a judgment that fails to dispose of all causes of action between the parties?


California, United States of America

Is a debtor entitled to an equitable discharge of a claim under section 502(b) of the Bankruptcy Code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a contract between a party and party entitled to enrichment and deprivation?


Alberta, Canada

Does a search warrant need to be obtained to search a defendant's computer?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the impeachment of a petitioner need to include evidence of sexual activity with the impeached petitioner?


California, United States of America

How have courts determined who is responsible for what in a melee?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to determine whether a motorcyclist's injuries constitute "great bodily injury"?


California, United States of America

Can a trustee prevent discovery of confidential communications it has had with an attorney?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim of ineffective assistance in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for enforcing an illegal contract?


Alberta, Canada

Does a defendant have a right under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to have facts that increase punishment beyond the statutory minimum?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a plea bargain in a motion to suppress evidence?


California, United States of America

Does the use of a gang name such as "Mexican Mafia" constitute an equal protection violation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining that a payor is intentionally under-employed?


Ontario, Canada

What is the evidence supporting a jury's finding of guilt as to the infliction of wilful cruelty to a child?


California, United States of America

What is the test for habeas relief in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a settlement in a personal injury case?


Ontario, Canada

Is a derivative action not in the company’s best interests?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for making reasonable modifications in policies, practices or procedures of a public entity?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is an offer made in good faith in order to qualify for fee shifting under section 998, subdivision (c)(1) of the California Code of Civil Procedure?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of care expected of a registered nurse of average competence?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a three year hiatus from school constitute a three-year hiatus for a child of the marriage to be reinstated as a Child of the Marriage?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of establishing the bona fides of a transaction between near relatives?


British Columbia, Canada

In an action brought by a plaintiff, who was injured in a motor vehicle accident, can he continue to seek medical attention at sea?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for reviewing a decision by a jury in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a defendant be denied a new trial under section 1538.5(p) of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a defendant to be found guilty of aiding and abetting the murder of a person by accident?


California, United States of America

Can a judge strike a prior conviction pursuant to section 667.5, subdivision (b) of the Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to vacate a guilty plea under section 1016.5?


California, United States of America

Does an administrative regulation trump an otherwise applicable statute?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the duty of an owner or landowner of land to prevent a trespasser from injuring another trespasser?


"New York", United States of America

Can a constructive trust be used to determine that one spouse benefited at the expense of the other spouse?


Alberta, Canada

Does improper comments by a prosecutor affect a jury's verdict?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can Plaintiffs amend their second amended complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on appeal against an arrest warrant issued against an individual who did not raise his Fourth Amendment claim in the trial court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the requirements for a defendant to be able to respond to an action brought by a plaintiff in a medical malpractice case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is I-125 a constitutional amendment to the Civil Code of Civil Procedure sufficient to prohibit its enforcement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Are there any cases where an employer has been found to have harassed or abused an employee?


Manitoba, Canada

Is child support set off against a debt owing by the payor?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing "force" as an element of robbery?


California, United States of America

Does a plaintiff have a duty to mitigate their loss?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of a driving prohibition on an offender?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Does a plaintiff waives any error in a ruling to file an amended complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will an administrator be appointed to a strata corporation?


British Columbia, Canada

Does plaintiff have standing to challenge his failure to receive a kosher meal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving that the evidence is insufficient to sustain convictions on counts 3 and 4?


California, United States of America

How much punishment does a defendant receive for possessing a handgun post-robbery?


California, United States of America

Does a writ of execution bind a debtor's legal and equitable interest in land?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for establishing a prima facie case in a sexual assault case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of a motor vehicle collision on the neck and collar bone?


British Columbia, Canada

Is it appropriate to convict for multiple counts of the same crime?


California, United States of America

Does the designation of a dangerous offender need to be changed to prevent reoffending?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for setting aside a verdict in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant entitled to request amplification of the language of a statute defining a crime or defense?


California, United States of America

What is the test for awarding attorney fees under section 1021.5 of the California Civil Procedure Act?


California, United States of America

What is the range of fees charged by an expert in a medical malpractice case?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the findings of an independent review of the record?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for an appeal from a decision of a judge?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for volunteering information in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be physically restrained in the courtroom?


California, United States of America

To what extent can Doe rely on the Fourteenth Amendment and Miranda?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for perfect self-defense?


California, United States of America

Does the prosecution have a duty to withhold material evidence from the defense?


California, United States of America

How have the principles of a manufacturer been interpreted in the context of a boat case in which a boat was specifically manufactured to American standards?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a factfinder accept some portions of witness's testimony and reject others?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction be appealed before trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a standard medical practice negligent in a medical malpractice case?


Ontario, Canada

How to interpret the meaning of a section of the Civil Code of Civil Procedure when it comes to determining whether or not a specific clause in the Act is enforceable?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving that discriminatory action was taken against a plaintiff?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test of probable cause under a search warrant?


California, United States of America