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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Does a letter sent by a homeowners association's attorney fall within the anti-SLAPP statute?


California, United States of America

What is the test for appointment of counsel in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of combining the appeal and the habeas corpus petition for a single determination?


California, United States of America

If the police violate a defendant's Fourth Amendment rights before obtaining consent, can the evidence obtained as a result of the search be suppressed?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between an applicant and an employee?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the reasonableness of counsel's actions in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for appealing against a conviction for possession of an illegal substance with intent to cause grievous bodily harm?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a statement is libelous?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a jury consider voluntary manslaughter?


California, United States of America

Is there a right to indemnification under Section 877.6 of the California Local Government Code?


California, United States of America

What is the general rule of public entity immunity?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of classifying an action as a limited civil case?


California, United States of America

Can a court order costs for a motion brought by a plaintiff in her personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for reasonable cause in a criminal case?


"New York", United States of America

Can a summary judgment be used to deprive a party of their right to a trial?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of proof for a plaintiff to mitigate his/her damages?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a claim for wrongful imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress and false imprisonment?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of care of an expert in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admissible evidence in both criminal and civil cases?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for deprivations in medical care?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to mitigate their damages in a personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for liability for furnishing alcoholic beverages to an intoxicated person?


California, United States of America

Is a criminal defendant entitled to a personal waiver of his right to be present during a criminal trial?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for difference of opinion?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for time being of its essence in a commercial contract?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for making a will in a person who is found not competent to manage their affairs?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the courts interpreted jury instructions in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

How has the federal court interpreted a motion to dismiss?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for granting qualified immunity to defendants in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant be punished for more than one crime?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the district court allow a motion to certify a class action under the bad faith exception to be reserved pending disposition of motions to dismiss the amended complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the Kelly rule on improper laboratory testing?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted statements where a young person said that he only hit her once?


Ontario, Canada

Is a motion to sever the firearm possession charge from the homicide charge forfeited on appeal?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of reversing the judgment in part, including the bulk of the damage award, and also the award for attorney fees?


California, United States of America

How has the definition of an Aboriginal right been interpreted in the context of Aboriginal rights cases?


British Columbia, Canada

Does section 1170.1, subdivision (i) of the California Civil Code apply to subdivision (d) of Section 667.6?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of conspiracy and what is the effect of conspiracy?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for the doctrine of personal injury attorney fees?


California, United States of America

What is the test for insufficiency of the evidence to support a first degree murder conviction?


California, United States of America

Does section 654, subdivision (a) of the California Criminal Code bar multiple punishments for separate crimes arising out of a single occurrence?


California, United States of America

Is a terminated employee entitled to compensation for lost vacation during the notice period?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for gratuitous transfer?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for taking care of the housekeeping and maintaining the property for a spouse?


Alberta, Canada

What is the effect of comments made by a retired police officer to a prospective jury?


California, United States of America

What are the deficiencies in the Application for an interim injunction against Muskoka District Municipality?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

What is the extent of damage in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

Does a generalized suspicion of criminal activity rise to the level of probable cause?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the requirements for assisting and abetting the commission of first degree murder?


California, United States of America

Is there a reasonable expectation of privacy in a prison cell?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the term "incendiary device" have a specific meaning in the Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the basis of a husband's motion to vacate a judgment against his wife for fraud and perjury?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of proof required to establish cruelty in a civil case?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the effect of a delay in seeking spousal support if the husband has been seeking support for more than a year?


Manitoba, Canada

Can a subpoena be used to obtain personal information of a grand jury panel member?


California, United States of America

What is the test for motive to commit a crime?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of a federal court's decision to confirm an arbitration award de novo?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the reasons on which the parties have been granted?


Ontario, Canada

Is section 654 of the California Criminal Code factually applicable to a given series of crimes?


California, United States of America

Does the court have a duty to provide amplification or explanation or amplification of a plaintiff's words or words?


California, United States of America

If plaintiff is convicted of sexual assault by a federal jury, can she bring a federal lawsuit?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In a child protection application, does the risk identified at the outset change as the application proceeds?


Ontario, Canada

Can a party to a witness recall and reexamine a witness?


California, United States of America

What is the test for entitlement to relief in a motor vehicle accident case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for reversal of a jury's finding of guilty beyond a reasonable doubt on a charge of membership of a criminal street gang?


California, United States of America

What is the test for misconduct in a trial where a prosecutor accused defense counsel of "disingenuous" and "lawyer speak for lying to you"?


California, United States of America

Does a statement of decision need to be issued at trial?


California, United States of America

Can a finding of negligence be reviewed on a standard of correctness?


Alberta, Canada

Is there any case law supporting the argument that a party has no right to maintain or repair their property?


California, United States of America

What is the limitation period for a plaintiff to bring a claim for wrongful death?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for the assurance of silence of a solicitor?


Alberta, Canada

Can a plaintiff be denied pre-judgment interest for a period of three years?


Alberta, Canada

When a contract contains ambiguous language, does the contract have to be interpreted as ambiguous language?


California, United States of America

What is the test for s. 7 of the Criminal Code of Canada?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts dealt with civil cases dealing with sexual assault cases?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of a "frivolous" claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to make a reasonable inference based on the circumstantial evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of hearsay evidence on a sentence of 3 months?


Alberta, Canada

What is the impact of post-traumatic stress disorder on a post-separation relationship?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the factors used in determining damages in a motor vehicle accident case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the third ground of an appeal?


Ontario, Canada

What is a summary proceeding for personal injury claims?


British Columbia, Canada

Does substitute counsel need to be appointed in future?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law or case law that states that parties are not aware of the effect of the case on the other side?


Ontario, Canada

What factors are relevant when seeking to withdraw an application?


Ontario, Canada

Can a plaintiff continue to work as a school crossing guard?


Ontario, Canada

Does the inequality test apply to limitation periods in municipal legislation?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the result of an application for unpaid legal fees?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a third party party responsible for the spoliation of a plaintiff in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

Is a condominium corporation entitled to full indemnity for all reasonable costs related to collecting common expense arrears?


Ontario, Canada

What is the legal test for imposing a penalty of up to 5% of the cost of law enforcement costs in a public nuisance action?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have any grounds to claim that appellant forfeited his right to challenge his sentence by failing to object when the court gave him the upper term on the robbery count?


California, United States of America

Is an owner entitled to attorney's fees in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the right to search a vehicle without a warrant?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between a civil commitment hearing and a criminal commitment hearing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a trial court's decision not to allow evidence to be admitted at trial?


California, United States of America

Is it a criminal offence for a driver to be involved in an accident?


California, United States of America

Can a summary judgment be granted on limitation defences under Rule 9-6?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing intent to distribute a large quantity of drugs?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for denying a hearing outside the presence of the jury to determine the admissibility of in-court identification testimony?


California, United States of America

What are the principles governing an award of non-pecuniary damages in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the range of damages for damages awarded to a plaintiff who was injured in a dispute with her neighbour over noise and/or nuisance?


British Columbia, Canada

Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code bar prosecution for the robbery charged in count 2 of the information in the Information Protection Act?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff bring a tort action against a public officer or employee?


California, United States of America

What is the meaning of the word "umpire" in the context of a claim for damages in a motor vehicle accident?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is sufficient for a jury to find that the prison medical system ignored or disregarded a sick call request?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for pre-authorization of searches under s. 8 of the Charter?


British Columbia, Canada

What restrictive covenants have been in the context of the sale of a business?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a probation search pursuant to the probation search clause exceed the scope of the search?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective counsel in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Is there any abuse of privacy or abuse of power in this case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will counsel counsel raise the issue of race discrimination against a prosecutor in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Does a section of a strata plan have to continue to pay strata fees for services that it cannot use?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing a conspiracy?


California, United States of America

How is loss of earning capacity assessed in a disability claim?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a trial court erred by failing to instruct on a defense?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted equitable principles in an action for breach of fiduciary duty?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a treating physician's opinion in a medical malpractice case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of showing only one photo of the accused in a photo lineup?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the threshold for production in section 74 of the Children's Aid Society Act?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of a failure to renew a motion for severance under Rule 14?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements necessary to establish an agreed boundary?


California, United States of America

Does the hearsay rule apply to video evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for having an accomplice to the crime?


California, United States of America

Is an uncharged offense necessarily included within a charged offense?


California, United States of America

Is there a further review of the branches of cause action and issue estoppel?


British Columbia, Canada

How have appellate courts dealt with sexual assault cases involving convicted sex offenders?


California, United States of America

Is a prosecutor improperly vouching for the credibility of an arresting officer?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to overturn a conviction for sexual assault in a federal criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the difference between a CEQA and a judicial review of an EIR?


California, United States of America

What is the test for giving a jury an instruction that pinpoints a defense theory of the case?


California, United States of America

Does an inmate have an eighth amendment right to contact his family?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in Canada regarding the duty of care of a person with mental health issues who has been injured in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for assessing damages for a young man who suffers from self-regulation?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a criminal defendant who pleads guilty to a criminal charge waive three constitutional rights?


California, United States of America

Can a Defendant refer to the without prejudice letter?


Alberta, Canada

Can a Master Order prevent a Plaintiff from withdrawing an Affidavit?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What evidence exists to support a jury's finding of premeditation in a murder case?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for appealing against a decision by the California Superior Court that vacates an arbitration award and does not order a rehearing?


California, United States of America

What is the test for credibility of a witness in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for a pro se pleading?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a prison official liable under the Eighth Amendment for failing to protect an inmate from harm?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for recklessness with the truth?


British Columbia, Canada

In a medical malpractice action, is a plaintiff entitled to damages intended to provide for future medical services?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the cumulative effect of prosecutorial misconduct on a defendant's case?


California, United States of America

What is the duty of care owed to a psychiatrist who treats a patient on an outpatient basis?


California, United States of America

Is the special instruction in motor vehicle accident law an accurate statement of the law?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting an uncharged crime?


California, United States of America

Is moral turpitude a criminal offence?


California, United States of America

Can a prison official be found deliberately indifferent to a patient's medical treatment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In a personal injury case, in what circumstances will the court order that an attorney be required to restore moneys erroneously obtained by an opposing attorney?


"New York", United States of America

What are the consequences of Charter violations?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a great bodily injury enhancement in a motor vehicle accident case?


California, United States of America

Does the prosecution have established one or more elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a judge at the Court of Appeal review a support order?


Ontario, Canada

What is the legal test for the weight and effect of expert testimony in a criminal trial?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff bring a complaint alleging that defendants conspired to deprive plaintiff of his constitutional rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a jury need unanimous agreement to convict a defendant of physical elder abuse in violation of section 368, subdivision (b)(1) of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a prospective juror has a bias against the death penalty?


California, United States of America

What are the findings of an independent review of the record?


California, United States of America

Does a search of a vehicle during a traffic stop constitute a separate constitutional violation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a defendant have a right to raise the issue of a toxicology report on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test used to determine whether a plaintiff has been successful on an appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for denying allegations in an answer to a civil matter?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reviewing a finding of abuse of discretion in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of refusing a chemical test?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a Fourth Amendment seizure?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the Receiver have a duty of good faith in the performance of the pre-sale purchasers of 098?


British Columbia, Canada

What factors will be considered by the Court of Appeal in exercise of discretion to enforce a personal injury settlement?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for directed verdict in a sexual assault case?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the standard of review for a motion to dismiss an evidence under section 402 of the California Evidence Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a Fourth Amendment claim of unreasonable seizure in a motor vehicle accident?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a defendant's admission is trustworthy?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving an agency has regularly performed its official duties?


California, United States of America

What evidence supports an anti-SLAPP motion as to the distribution of defamatory flyers?


California, United States of America

Does a formal offer to settle a claim against a plaintiff be apportioned costs based upon division of liability based upon a division of costs based on division of liabilities?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a defendant to have a waiver of his sentence reviewed for plain error review?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for enforceability of an agreement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving an employer's showing that the employer's claim is untrue or pretextual?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a co-owner of real or personal property bring an action for partition?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a change in the verdict form in a motor vehicle accident case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the requirements for private interest standing to bring a petition for declaratory relief?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the requirements for a plaintiff to amend or amend their complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for multiple prosecution and multiple punishment in motor vehicle cases?


California, United States of America

When will the Attorney General waive the issue of direct restitution?


California, United States of America

What is the claim-of-right defense?


California, United States of America

Does an attorney have authority to enter into stipulations and agreements with a client during trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury trial?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a plaintiff entitled to enjoy from the performance typical of a new car?


Alberta, Canada

What is the risk taken by counsel in prosecuting this action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of good faith for an executive officer to be found guilty of misconduct in the course of official conduct?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the state of the law in the context of the Miranda rights?


California, United States of America

What is the test for directing a jury to a directed verdict in a murder case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant's confession was voluntary?


California, United States of America

What is the test for granting relief for a man who suffered multiple injuries in a motor vehicle accident?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of a judge's manner of proceeding in a personal injury case?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of care required for a physician to obtain consent from a patient?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances have the police stopped and questioned a group of teenage boys?


"New York", United States of America

What is the appropriate standard of review for questions of mixed fact and law?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the appropriate test for a preliminary inquiry judge to commit an applicant to trial?


Ontario, Canada