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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Is the lying in the wait special circumstance constitutionally infirm because it duplicates an element of first degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a jury has been instructed there must be proof of at least one of the seven acts alleged in the information?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the one third-the-midterm rule of section 1170.1, subdivision (a) under section 654 of the California Criminal Code when applying to stay a sentence under Section 654?


California, United States of America

Does s. 3(2)(b) of the Income Tax Code require spouses to share expenses with each other in proportion to their respective incomes?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the abuse of discretion test for disclosing the identity of a confidential informant?


California, United States of America

What is the test for filing a second amended complaint in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there a recognized duty of care?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for multiple punishment under section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Can a waiver form be used to determine whether a defendant has entered a guilty plea?


California, United States of America

Does the Court have jurisdiction to grant relief under section 946.6?


California, United States of America

Does the trial judge err in allowing the respondent to introduce parol evidence?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does the error of instruction on imperfect self-defense affect the outcome of a jury trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a juror to claim prejudicial misconduct based upon comments made by a prosecutor to the jury?


California, United States of America

When a defendant is convicted of possession of a firearm by an ex-felon, is the jury required to agree on which one or more of the guns defendant possessed?


California, United States of America

Does the "captain of the ship" rule give counsel exclusive control over whether to waive a jury trial?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law supporting the majority's position that medical malpractice is not a crime against the medical profession?


California, United States of America

Is a bus driver liable for injuries caused by a sudden jerk of the bus driver?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the courts interpreted the term "mental illness" in section 232 of the Mental Health Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for calculating the cost of a future case?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have an obligation to prevent a plaintiff from being singled out for harm on the basis that he would be a victim of discrimination?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the result of a motion to withdraw the plea of a defendant in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for striking a jury in a civil case?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the principle of estoppel apply to deny an executrix the defence of the limitation period if the executrix has not delivered the notice of application for probate?


British Columbia, Canada

How has the jury been instructed on the crime of assault with a deadly weapon?


California, United States of America

Can a jury conclude appellant was unlawfully confined in a state prison?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between a mortgage and a deed of trust?


California, United States of America

Is there a violation of a defendant's right to be present at trial on prior convictions?


California, United States of America

What are the reasons for judgment in a sexual assault case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on admitting new evidence in the context of an appeal?


Ontario, Canada

What is the legal test for instructing a jury on a defense?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a perpetrator and aider and abettor be convicted of second degree murder at the same trial of the perpetrator and the perpetrator be reduced to manslaughter?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the Court of Appeal's Severance of an interim finding in an ICBC case?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a monetary award a "simpler remedy" that should not be awarded if there is evidence that a monetary remedy is not meaningful?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for reversal of a jury's verdict in a murder case?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted jury instructions in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to extend the statute of limitations on a claim brought by a plaintiff against Defendant?


"New York", United States of America

Does a young person’s intoxication at the time of the robbery constitute a mitigating factor?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the standard of review for questioning whether a defendant received effective representation?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant convicted of murder entitled to conduct credits against his determinate sentence?


California, United States of America

When a defendant enters a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity at trial for a first-degree murder, can he still be found guilty of first degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is the unclean hands defense?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is erroneous admission of statements obtained in violation of the Fifth Amendment reviewed for prejudice under the beyond reasonable doubt standard?


California, United States of America

Can a reduction or cancellation of arrears be obtained if the applicant provides detailed and full financial disclosure?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for "physical injury" in a sexual assault case?


"New York", United States of America

Is there a presumption that there is an initial presumption that a claimant is lying when they are claiming disability benefits?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the scope of defendant's entitlement to relief?


California, United States of America

How have probation conditions been interpreted in the context of sexual assault cases?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law supporting a finding that a union discriminated against an applicant because of their disability?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts dealt with the issue of possession for purposes cases involving hotel rooms?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for dissent from the Court of Appeal when it comes to determining whether a defendant has been found guilty of contempt of court?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for a withdrawal motion for abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for obtaining consent for a probation search?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to enter a judgment of acquittal under section 1118 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel on appeal?


California, United States of America

Is there a general rule that innocent third parties (like the innocent accused) are not compensated for losses and expenses occasioned by the criminal process?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Is there any case law where a police officer was found not to have given adequate Miranda warnings?


California, United States of America

Can a city clerk issue a permit allowing a service station to remain open during designated hours?


Ontario, Canada

Is a claim alleging errors in the post-conviction review process cognizable on federal habeas review?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is deposit of the deed to the land to be held as security a presumption of intention to create an equitable mortgage?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the current wording on the definition of reasonable and probable grounds?


Alberta, Canada

What rights does a prosecutor have in his closing argument?


California, United States of America

What is the test for relying on an untested assessment report upon an interim motion pending trial?


Ontario, Canada

How does the doctrine of severability apply to arbitration?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a premises is vacant?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a motion to overturn a judgment in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to costs and attorney fees under the CPRA?


California, United States of America

What is the consequence of an indefinite suspension followed by a two-month definite suspension?


Ontario, Canada

What is the meaning of the term "traction engine"?


Ontario, Canada

Is a website accessible to the public a public forum for purposes of the anti-SLAPP statute?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting or excluding evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in Canada on the "negative right" of an accused not to be coerced into a confession?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a police officer testify as a lay witness about muzzle flashes?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admissible evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Does the persistent violent crime statute need to be amended or modified?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for obtaining a complete medical record of a patient?


California, United States of America

What is the test for appeal?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a request for special costs in the context of the Attorney General's decision not to defend the legality of federal legislation?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for making a retaliation claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review for sufficiency of the evidence claim?


California, United States of America

What is the liability of an occupier regarding a slip and fall in a public place?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will a wiretap of a bus depot be used to establish evidence of criminal activity?


Alberta, Canada

Is a plaintiff's claim for damages arising from a burglary not forfeited?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a drug dealer convicted of possession of cocaine with intent to manufacture, distribute and manufacture a controlled substance?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the difference between privilege and confidentiality?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a defendant's right to appointed counsel?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to suppress a second statement to the police as obtained in violation of the Miranda privacy law?


California, United States of America

What is the test for proving unlawful discrimination under Title VII?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts treated expert testimony in a mental health case?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of striking pleadings?


Ontario, Canada

How does a conveyance between a close relative and a creditor defeat the claim of creditors?


Alberta, Canada

Does the doctrine of the lesser included offense doctrine apply to a defendant who has pleaded guilty to a charge of a related but not necessarily included crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to review the entire record in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What are some cases where a jury has been found guilty of perverting the course of justice in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts dealt with allegations of improper conduct by a prosecutor before the jury in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for inference that confidential information was imparted?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Does the California Supreme Court have any authority or authority to grant declaratory and injunctive relief in the context of an ongoing political controversy?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court impute income for the first time?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the court have any power or authority to refuse to grant a defendant access to a single-blade razor?


California, United States of America

How have the courts reviewed the findings of the Court of Appeal on jurisdictional issues?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a statute of limitations need to be extended to compensate for a disability that does not exist?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for standing in a motion for quo warranto?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for denying an evidentiary hearing for abuse of power?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a power imbalance that impacts a party's ability to understand and freely assent to a legally binding agreement?


Ontario, Canada

What is the impact of a participation agreement on collaborative litigation?


Ontario, Canada

Is pre-judgment interest not a statutory interest?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for restitution in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for subject matter jurisdiction in a medical malpractice case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a motion to dismiss for failure to exhaust nonjudicial remedies valid?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a Motion 14B Motion to obtain assistance from a case management judge?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any case law that supports the proposition that a plaintiff has a valid claim to be entitled to sue for damages?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for abuse of discretion in the evidentiary context?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does section 954 of the California Criminal Code permit multiple convictions for the same act or omission?


California, United States of America

How is liability apportioned between a plaintiff and defendant in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing a "state of the art" in civil law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of care of an occupier?


Ontario, Canada

Can the information obtained during a protective sweep be used as evidence for a search warrant?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have any basis to argue that a criminal street gang is not a criminal activity?


California, United States of America

In deciding a motion to dismiss for failure to exhaust administrative remedies, in what circumstances will a court look beyond the pleadings and decide disputed issues of fact?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements of negligent misrepresentation in a real estate application?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a waiver of a client's right to a judicial forum?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law where the issue of visibility of a stop sign and illumination of the stop sign overlap?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for dismissing a supplemental state claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a final order for security for costs considered final?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of review applied on appeal in health and safety cases?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting evidence of a prior misdemeanor conviction?


California, United States of America

What is the test of credibility of a witness in a hearing?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for substantial evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for "litigation which achieves some of the benefit" of a plaintiff's claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law relating to mistake under fact and law?


British Columbia, Canada

What is equitable tolling for a plaintiff in a motor vehicle accident?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review for admitting evidence in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff required to state a specific cause of action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for desertion by one spouse?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What are some of the most high-profile civil cases in the history of civil litigation?


California, United States of America

Does a plaintiff have a duty to mitigate their loss?


British Columbia, Canada

What evidence does plaintiff have that defendants complied with their plans and specifications?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the wife have to make over to the husband in a matrimonial cause?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a solicitor be deemed to have authority?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the statute of limitation and the Sixth Amendment apply to the sentencing phase of a criminal prosecution?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting or excluding evidence for abuse of abuse of power?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a manufacturer acted reasonably in designing a product?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the basic principles of spousal support under BCSC law?


British Columbia, Canada

Does former section 12021 of the California Criminal Code prohibit a convicted felon from possessing a firearm?


California, United States of America

How have courts reviewed the findings and recommendations of a magistrate judge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of section 667(f)(2) of the Virginia Criminal Code Act on a motion to strike or dismiss an allegation of sexual assault?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a conviction of conspiracy to commit murder?


California, United States of America

If an application is not seeking a remedy for release, is the application not for habeas corpus?


British Columbia, Canada

What evidence would be sufficient to prove the premeditation allegation beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in relation to assisting in persecution?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the interpretation of a motor vehicle insurance contract in the context of an arbitration?


California, United States of America

What is the test for granting relief in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the duty of care of a non-contractor of a potential tortfeasor?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a reviewing court affirm a sentence in which a federal district court's departure from the guideline range is based on both valid and invalid factors?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to suppress evidence?


California, United States of America

Does the prosecution call each victim as a witness?


California, United States of America

On appeal from a judgment sustaining a demurrer, what is the standard of review?


California, United States of America

Does the Fifth Amendment of the Federal and California Constitution require a witness in a criminal case to be a witness against himself?


California, United States of America

Is freedom of expression a fundamental right of expression in a democratic society?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for insufficient evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing possession of a firearm and ammunition?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of proof required for a motion under Rule 30.06?


Ontario, Canada

Can an execution made against property of a judgment debtor be registered against an unregistered property?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

In what circumstances have courts interpreted "clear indication" or "probable cause" standards for body cavity searches at border searches?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

In a continuing nuisance action, can a plaintiff continue to sue the owner for damages until the nuisance is abated?


California, United States of America

Is sufficient evidence to support a conviction if, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of a crime beyond a reasonable doubt?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law for cyclists in Canada?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the grounds of appeal against a motion for a new trial?


California, United States of America

Does a plaintiff have an arguable claim for cruel and unusual punishment against a prison that has a slippery floor?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a hypothetical event?


British Columbia, Canada

When assignment is assignment for the benefit of creditors?


Ontario, Canada

What are the implications of having to pay substantial costs in a family law case?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the test for whether a plaintiff has a valid claim to be able to sue for damages?


"New York", United States of America

Does a plaintiff have to rely on a qualified immunity defense?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining damages for future earnings loss?


British Columbia, Canada

Can defamation constitute a claim for relief under the Fourteenth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for constitutional consistency in the interpretation of the Fifth Amendment with respect to equal protection?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving that the issue whose relitigation was actually and necessarily decided in a second trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is fair and relevant and needs to be produced?


Ontario, Canada

What is the appeal process for an individual class member to appeal the determination that they are not eligible to claim?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the elements of promissory fraud?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant who accepts a plea agreement for reduced sentence for a charge of assault have any right to challenge the award on appeal?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the words "shall" and "all" in Code of Civil Procedure section 437c?


California, United States of America

Can the unequalized portion of a lump-sum pension be treated as income?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current state of the law in Canada when it comes to determining the best interests of the child in the context of child protection matters?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant can be released on bail at trial?


California, United States of America

Is Tejeda eligible for a resentencing under Proposition 36 if he was armed with a firearm at the time of the crime?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for terminating a contract where a party elects to treat a breach as discharging him from his obligations?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a court respect a separation agreement made by a husband and wife?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for denying a motion to suppress evidence of illegal search and seizure of drugs discovered during a search?


California, United States of America

What is the proper approach for determining issue for the purposes of s.6(5)(a) of the Regulations?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the standard of care of a police officer in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

Does pleading guilty to each of the three counts of sexual assault prevent the government from presenting evidence to establish that each counts is distinct?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a conviction for a violent crime committed without limitation a criminal offence sufficient to qualify for enhancement?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of care of medical doctors?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a federal district court have jurisdiction to hear a petition for habeas corpus?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for using a police dog in a search and seizure case?


"New York", United States of America

Does Section 654, subdivision (a) of the California Code of Criminal Procedure apply to a defendant who has been convicted of a crime under the same law?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of an inventory search of a vehicle impounded by police?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an Eighth Amendment claim for deprivation of humane conditions of confinement?


MultiRegion, United States of America