What are the elements of trespass and what is the test for damages?

British Columbia, Canada


The following excerpt is from Chow v Wichacz, 2022 BCSC 9 (CanLII):

The defendant did not directly address the plaintiff’s trespass claims in his argument. Mr. Justice Taylor summarized the elements of trespass in Ward v. Cariboo (Regional District), 2021 BCSC 1495 at paras. 49-54. Among other things, it states that the tort of trespass is committed by entry upon, remaining upon or projecting any object upon land in the possession of the plaintiff without lawful excuse. The party claiming has to establish that the intrusion onto the land is direct, the interference with land must be intentional or negligent and the defendant’s interference must be physical. Trespass is actionable per se and does not require proof of damage.

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