What is the standard of review in a medical malpractice case?

In order to determine the appropriate standard of review, the court must use the functional and pragmatic approach, which requires it to consider the following four factors: the presence or absence of a privative clause or statutory right of appeal; the expertise of the tribunal relative to that of the reviewing court on the issue in question; the purposes of the legislation and the provision in particular; and the nature of the question: Dr. Q v. College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia, [2003] 1 S.C.R. 226, 2003 SCC 19.