What is the test for impartiality under section 653.1 of the Criminal Code of Canada?

Ontario, Canada


The following excerpt is from R. v. Windebank, 2014 ONSC 5135 (CanLII):

I find that the concept of the “interests of justice” as contained in section 653.1 encompasses concerns relating to the integrity of the criminal process, which include the right to be tried only by an impartial judge. In Valente v. The Queen 1985 CanLII 25 (SCC), [1985] 2 S.C.R. 673 at p.685, Le Dain J. held that the concept of impartiality describes “a state of mind or attitude of the tribunal in relation to the issues and the parties in a particular case”. He added that “[t]he word ‘impartial’… connotes absence of bias, actual or perceived”.

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