The black bloc tactics were acknowledged and explained by McMahon J. in R v. Pflug-Back (July 19, 2012), Toronto, at p. 4 in the sentencing of a black bloc participant as follows: The individuals initially participated in a mass peaceful protest with their faces visible. During the protest march at some point with others shielding them from discovery, they emerge from the protest all wearing black with their faces covered with masks, scarves or bandanas.
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