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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the onus on the respondent to prove entitlement to child support?


British Columbia, Canada

What rulings compel a defendant to testify in his civil case?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law that supports the admissibility of field sobriety tests as circumstantial evidence of intoxication?


California, United States of America

What is the minimum sentence for attempted wilful, deliberate and premeditated murder?


California, United States of America

Does the assumption that evidence sufficient to warrant a search warrant justify the officers in making a search without a warrant justify their actions?


California, United States of America

How to apply the doctrine of defense of another in an assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for changing custody of a child?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Can a defendant plead not guilty to a charge of perverting the course of justice?


"New York", United States of America

Can opinion evidence be relied upon in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

How has the California Supreme Court interpreted a section of the California Guardianship Act?


California, United States of America

Can a city prevent a private flying club from operating under a by-law?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing intent to kill?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant has the ability to pay a restitution fine?


California, United States of America

Is a person's disability insured status terminated because they were diagnosed with severe mental health problems as soon as the date upon which their insured status expired?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is character evidence in a criminal case admissible?


California, United States of America

What is the test for assessing costs when a self represented person is involved in a personal injury action?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can the trial court suspend the execution or imposition of sentence of a convicted murderer's murder sentence?


California, United States of America

What is the testator’s obligation to divide the estate of a child who is a self-sufficient adult child?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a defendant entitled to an independent review of the record?


California, United States of America

Does a prima facie analysis need to be conducted at a full hearing?


Ontario, Canada

Does a plaintiff have a right to in-court identification?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have any tactical purpose for failing to request a limiting instruction on the evidence of a prior murder conviction?


California, United States of America

What is a joint tortfeasor?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the second step in determining a duty of care on public authorities?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for indemnification under section 317 of the California Corporations Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a defendant's constitutional right to stand trial before a jury?


California, United States of America

What is the legal duty of a plaintiff in a motor vehicle accident case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to determine whether a criminal charge against a defendant is a false imprisonment?


California, United States of America

What is the consequence of defendant's failure to make a timely and specific objection on an objection to a motion of motion?


California, United States of America

Can a court strike or dismiss an action in the furtherance of justice?


California, United States of America

Can a motion to consolidate two separate criminal cases be reversed or modified?


California, United States of America

Can a civil proceeding be considered a court proceeding?


Manitoba, Canada

Can a plaintiff sue for damages in federal court against a state, its agencies and state officials in their official capacities?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the state of the law in relation to access to and the relationship of the respondent's children?


Ontario, Canada

What is the range of sentences for a man convicted of two counts of murder in the first degree?


California, United States of America

What is the test for credibility of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of Rule 8 of the Ninth Circuit ruling that requires a plaintiff to allege that she was injured during a shift?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a plaintiff bring an action in the 9th Circuit of the Ninth Circuit for damages arising out of sexual assault claims brought by a plaintiff who alleges he was sexually assaulted as a result of sexual abuse?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for reviewing for abuse of discretion in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether petitioners have established a likelihood of success on the merits?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the statute of limitations bar a mortgage foreclosure action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for certifying a class proceeding?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for delegating responsibility of making a classification to a local board of appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a personal action in defamation relating to union activities outside the field of labour relations be brought?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for making a threat under section 422 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Is there any real likelihood of prejudice to the ability of the accused to make full answer and defence because of the loss of exhibits?


Ontario, Canada

Can a property owner recover goodwill lost in an inverse condemnation action?


California, United States of America

What is known as "coram nobis" in the context of federal criminal proceedings?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts treated allegations of bias against a trial judge?


California, United States of America

Does a conviction for first degree burglary qualify as second degree burglary?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the interpretation of the Fifth Amendment when a prosecutor makes an indirect comment about a defendant's failure to testify?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the California Supreme Court have any authority to prevent a plaintiff from taking their own life?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proof for a creditor seeking to have their debt declared nondischargeable?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a trust or certificate of purchase money obligations need to be classified as a purchase money obligation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a heat of passion defense?


California, United States of America

When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction, what is the test for a federal habeas court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an appeal against a determinate sentence under Proposition 36 of the California Penal Code be considered moot?


California, United States of America

What is the test for habeas relief on a prosecutorial misconduct claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the right to make public criticism of the government policy?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the standard of review for abuse of discretion in an evidentiary case?


California, United States of America

Does inadequate treatment due to malpractice constitute a constitutional violation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a judge a proper party in a writ of mandate or prohibition?


California, United States of America

What is the threshold burden of demonstrating that a cause of action arises from protected activity?


California, United States of America

What are some examples of the law of assignable rights of action in tort?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for possession of a marijuana plant?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant exercise a peremptory challenge before the jury has been sworn in?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the proper ground for a federal finding in a case involving a state no religious preference clause in the First Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements of a constructive trust claim?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an agreement for good consideration to extend the time for payment of a principal and interest or both be enforced?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What are the factors used to determine the outcome of a child protection case?


Ontario, Canada

Does the doctrine of res judicata apply when a defendant is tried on two separate indictments?


California, United States of America

When will the joinder of a properly joined charge apply in a murder case?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted "due process" in the context of social security entitlement claims?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to change the date of trial?


California, United States of America

What is the role of the court in developing new tort law?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for admissible evidence in a domestic violence case?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to recover damages for prenatal injuries sustained by an unborn child?


California, United States of America

Can a jury be found to have found that the jury instruction was erroneous?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a fiduciary relationship?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an application for adjournment of a trial be heard at a Traditional Maritime Court of Justice?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a prosecutor comment on a defendant's failure to testify?


California, United States of America

What are some cases that have been decided by the Court of Appeal in Ontario where the appellant was not conducting a criminal investigation?


California, United States of America

Can a landlord who fails to prove an unlawful detainer claim for possession of a building and damages for loss of possession and loss of rental income?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a judge disregard a Memoranda that was agreed upon at a family court case conference?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the appropriate notice period for a 44 year old sales consultant?


British Columbia, Canada

Is circumstantial evidence sufficient to prove the existence of an anonymous call made to the police of an alleged shooting scene?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have a legitimate expectation of privacy in a common area of a multi-family apartment building?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a guardian ad litem bring an action for divorce on behalf of a conservatee?


California, United States of America

What is the reasonableness factor in determining whether a plaintiff would have accepted an offer to settle?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a reasonable trier of fact, applying the clear and convincing standard of proof, could have found that a dangerous individual was not dangerous?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the rule of forfeiture apply to ex post facto claims?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a prescriptive easement?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on privacy in a custodial setting?


Ontario, Canada

What is the value of a periodic payment settlement for the purpose of calculating a contingent attorney's fee?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the credibility of a witness?


California, United States of America

What constitutes a "necessarily included lesser" crime?


California, United States of America

Can a court stay an execution pursuant to section 106 of the Courts of Justice Act?


Ontario, Canada

On appeal, what is the "law of the case"?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on cross-examination?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of a party's failure or refusal to disclose their financial circumstances to the court?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of the Fast Track Litigation Rule on a defendant's ability to avoid the maximum cost of a motion?


British Columbia, Canada

Is solicitor/client privilege waived in a personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the limitation on follow-up investigations of crime scene evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a reporter's transcript on appeal?


California, United States of America

Is a failure to object an ineffective assistance?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the length of a sentence in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the duty of a guarantor to disclose during the term of a guarantee?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the elements of a plaintiff's cause of action under the attractive nuisance doctrine under the trap theory?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a trial when the trial has been deemed started?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for judgment on the pleadings of a plaintiff who failed to file a timely claim under the Government Claims Act?


California, United States of America

Does a defense counsel have to seek a curative admonition rather than an admonition on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether there is intent to evade the income tax?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What constitutes conduct capable of supporting an award of costs on a punitive scale?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts interpreted a claim for reimbursement from a Workmen's Compensation award made to a spouse by the absent parent?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant appeal against his conviction and sentence for two separate criminal convictions arising from the same criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for attorney's fees in an action for damages under section 1021.4 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Is a party's correspondence privileged?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Is a husband entitled to equal division of disability benefits received by his wife from a pension plan earned during their marriage?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a court set off child support against spousal support?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for an injury claim brought by a prisoner who is injured in prison?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is establishing authorship necessary to properly authenticate a writing?


California, United States of America

What is the tort of intrusion upon seclusion?


British Columbia, Canada

Can text messages be used to prove that defendant owned or had control of the cell phone?


California, United States of America

Is it improper for the prosecution to vouch for the credibility of a government witness?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any evidence to support a claim for a "waiver of rights accruing from delay"?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant be convicted of multiple convictions for different crimes based on a single act?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of medical malpractice on a plaintiff who suffers from "noneconomic" injury?


California, United States of America

What factors are considered to determine whether a plaintiff has been rendered less capable overall from earning income from all types of employment?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for proving duress?


Ontario, Canada

What is the case law on property rights in a car?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a federal cause of action sufficient to establish a threat of punishment for exercise of First Amendment rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant be convicted of murder based on evidence that he suffered a financial setback at a later point in his life?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to a new trial, limited to the question of damages?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test used to determine whether a father can refuse to respond to a claim for child support?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for assessing non-pecuniary damages in a personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an abuse of discretion on appeal?


California, United States of America

Can a judge be disqualified for cause under the California Code of Civil Procedure?


California, United States of America

Can a previously discharged attorney who has a contractual lien on a prospective judgment file a notice of lien in the pending action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for invoking the doctrine of "litigation" in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts in BC dealt with a claim for unjust enrichment and constructive trust in real property in a relationship where the parties were in a marriage-like relationship for seven years?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of fees charged to the REIT by CIBC and the allegedly improvident sale of shares by Everest?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the rights of a police officer who is under investigation by his or her employer under Public Safety Ombudsman's (POBRA) section 3303?


California, United States of America

Is there any evidence that asking a question about diabetes at an employment interview disadvantaged an applicant?


Ontario, Canada

In a long-term marriage, is standard of living support equal to income support?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a federal court dismiss an action before service of process for abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an expert witness whose opinion is based on inadmissible material describe the material that forms the basis of the opinion?


California, United States of America

Can an expert rely on information the expert considers reliable?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the "good faith" exception to the fourth amendment's exclusionary rule apply to this case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a defendant's probation condition conditioned upon payment of a probation supervision fee?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law in support of the Eighth Amendment in the context of medical malpractice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the appellant's burden to affirmatively demonstrate that the court was unaware of or/or failed to consider the factors set out in rule 4.414?


California, United States of America

Does a duty of procedural fairness apply to a legislative function?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can a defendant appeal his conviction for attempted burglary?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of care required by a doctor in medical malpractice cases?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Is a defendant entitled to have his self-incriminating statement considered before it is admitted into evidence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts interpreted ambiguous language in a contract?


California, United States of America

What is the test for habeas relief under the Indian Civil Rights Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a defendant mentally competent to stand trial?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the wife be able to advance a claim to other family assets that she now seeks to litigate?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for the interpretation of words in a statute?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a federal court erred when it found that the federal government intended to injure a plaintiff in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Whether there was a single intent and objective within the meaning of section 654?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining primary residence of a child?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for police to obtain thermal imagery from a thermal imaging unit?


Alberta, Canada

Can a section of the Penal Code be amended to make it easier for a defendant to escape prosecution under the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What are the elements necessary to establish a violation of section 10851 of the Vehicle Code?


California, United States of America

When will an expert not be allowed to testify in a personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

Under what circumstances will the present impression exception rule be limited to the statements of the declarant who witnessed the event?


"New York", United States of America

Does a search conducted under the auspices of a properly imposed parole search condition violate a person's privacy?


California, United States of America

What are the factors for general damages for pain, suffering and loss of enjoyment of life?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a motion for a mistrial?


California, United States of America

Can a witness invoke privilege against self-incrimination?


California, United States of America

Is a denial of a motion to suppress evidence reviewed de novo?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a lack of consultation preclude a finding that the expense of medical malpractice is reasonable and necessary?


British Columbia, Canada

How does the Court of Appeal review a judgment?


California, United States of America

Can counsel argue that counsel argued that a motion for a new trial was invalid on the grounds of "irregularity in the proceedings"?


California, United States of America

Does privilege protect material that is "prepared for litigation"?


Alberta, Canada

How have courts interpreted the impact rule in the context of intentional infliction of emotional distress?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether an obscenity charge should be brought before a jury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for the defence of voluntary assumption of risk?


Alberta, Canada

What is the standard of review in the context of an error of law?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for a contract where it appears that a different rule was intended by the parties?


"New York", United States of America

Is nature responsible for a crime committed by a specific third party?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for an appeal against a Deputy Judge making errors of fact?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of retroactively claiming s. 7 expenses for childcare and pre-school expenses?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test in workers’s compensation law for determining whether an employee is a contributory cause of injury?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the court have to consider the fact one of the parties is on social assistance in awarding maintenance or dividing the family assets?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant be punished for more than one crime?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with expression in public places?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will a judge grant a severance in a long-term marriage?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What factors must be considered by the court in assessing the credibility of a witness?


British Columbia, Canada

In a penalty case, in what circumstances was the trial court's opinion that defense counsel had done a great job preparing the penalty phase?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reprehensible conduct?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there insufficient evidence to support a juvenile court's finding that a juvenile offender committed first degree burglary?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a resulting trust or, alternatively, unjust enrichment?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of the court's penalty phase instructions on the elements, burden of proof and evaluation of evidence of prior criminal activity?


California, United States of America

When will a court follow the wishes of an older child who wants to live with her older child?


Ontario, Canada

Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code apply to sentence a defendant who committed arson and a terrorist threat?


California, United States of America

How has the court dealt with the issue of noncompliance with section 2923.5 of the California Civil Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for disqualification of a person for having a personal interest in a curling facility?


Alberta, Canada