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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the test for foreseeability in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What are the particulars of a crane manufacturer?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for admissibility of "shaky but admissible evidence"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a class action under F.R. 23(b)(3) of the Federal Trade Act include claims not otherwise assertable in the federal court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a pro se petitioner's lack of legal sophistication a basis for equitable tolling?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does section 1108 of the California Criminal Code have any constitutional validity?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any evidence that all jurors deliberated at a jury trial before making up their minds?


California, United States of America

When can a statement of claim be amended after the expiry of the limitation period?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts interpreted the doctrine of termination rights in the past?


California, United States of America

What is the standard for assessing failure to accommodate claims under the First Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective representation in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the role of a magistrate in issuing a search warrant?


California, United States of America

Can a jury's verdict be vacated and a new trial ordered?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that events or acts have been "indisputably" committed?


California, United States of America

Is there a reasonable likelihood that the jury's verdict was affected by the inappropriate reference in the instructions to intangible property rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the Attorney General defined victims' rights under Proposition 8?


California, United States of America

How are jury instructions reviewed for abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a single act or omission constitute more than one crime?


California, United States of America

What are the findings of an independent review of the record for potential error?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of care and prudence of the careful or prudent parent when a child is injured in a fall?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does the escape rule apply to a robbery?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of a federal court's failure to instruct on the affirmative act requirement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for granting a refugee refugee a fair hearing?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the effect of a probation condition of no pregnancy where the crime was committed?


California, United States of America

What is the law relating to the law of testamentary capacity and suspicious circumstances?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the cumulative impact of a breach of the Elections Act?


Ontario, Canada

Is carjacking a crime of violence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for appeal from an order denying a Civil Rule 60 motion?


federal, United States of America

Does a court have a duty to instruct on a lesser included offence when the evidence raises a question as to whether all of the elements of the charged offense are present?


California, United States of America

Is a motion for summary judgment a genuine issue requiring a trial?


Alberta, Canada

Can a defense counsel object to a prosecutor's comment on the fact defendant failed to testify at trial that he was an accomplice?


California, United States of America

How has the court considered the economic impact of a recession on a plaintiff's employment prospects?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the need for judicial efficiency trump the right to exclude members of the public from the courtroom?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for a motion to suppress evidence under section 1538.5 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Is a guarantor who signed a guarantee for a bank in the form of an agreement with the other guarantor of the bank, who subsequently defaults on the loan?


Ontario, Canada

What is the burden of proof for a petitioning party?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making an adjournment application at the opening of a trial on the grounds that a party cannot be present?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for a motion to vacate, set aside or correct a federal conviction or sentence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for loss of earning capacity in a bar case?


British Columbia, Canada

When will a former witness be allowed to testify in evidence in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to a cause of action at the time of injury?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a party was at fault in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

Is a prior conviction subject to review under the deferential abuse standard?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will defense counsel decline to make a motion for acquittal under section 1118.1?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be punished for multiple violations under section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

In a personal injury action, can a court second-guess the amount of time claimed for costs?


Ontario, Canada

Can police force forced entry into a home after a 911 call?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for diminished capacity in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a finding of insufficient evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of an intercompany debt on property equalization?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a court examine alternative methods of regulation in determining whether a director has acted capricious or arbitrarily?


California, United States of America

What is the test for appointing counsel in an employment discrimination case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to recover damages that exceed the amount of the policy limits of the at-fault party?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for admitting experimental evidence at trial?


California, United States of America

What are some examples of excessive expense claims in a personal injury case?


Ontario, Canada

Does a defense counsel's failure to disclose "statements of experts made in connection with the case" constitute a discovery violation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a plaintiff has a disability?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements of a cause of action for promissory estoppel?


California, United States of America

When will a motion for a mistrial be granted?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim under Rule 9-5(1)?


British Columbia, Canada

Is ineffective assistance of counsel ineffective on appeal?


California, United States of America

Can a sentencing judge who did not preside over the trial and has "minimal familiarity with the case" exercise his discretion in imposing harsher individual sentencing terms than the prior sentencing judge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for setting aside a substantive determination by a federal district court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does plaintiff have the right to amend his complaint?


California, United States of America

How should the issue of liability be addressed first with the assessment of damages adjourned to a later date?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test of relevance and abuse of discretion in the context of evidence in a criminal case where a kite containing information about a gang member was found on the person?


California, United States of America

What is the test for finding that a judge's conduct was prejudicial?


California, United States of America

Does a client waiver attorney-client privilege?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the prosecution introduce evidence of cocaine to the jury during cross-examination of witnesses?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is depreciation included in gross income for mitigation purposes?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the principles of the Court of Appeal in cases where a party has declined to call a witness?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a prison visit a visitor without a search?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for undue influence in a testamentary transaction?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can a private party's conduct constitute a governmental action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law where a derivative claim against a company is dismissed without prejudice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law where a defendant's physical condition made him vulnerable to coercion?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be punished for more than one act under section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant appeal against a finding of not guilty on the basis of gross negligence?


California, United States of America

Does a joint trial deprive Stephen Fry of his right to a fair trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the financial disclosure required for an interim application for support?


British Columbia, Canada

Does Section 10 need to be adjudicated in the courts?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for providing adequate provision for proper support for a dependent person?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining that a sentence for successfully appealing against a conviction is vindictive?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for leaving the criminal justice system?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of a jury failing to instruct the jury that post-arrest statements to the police were not in violation of Miranda?


California, United States of America

Can a motion to reduce a sentence under former Rule 35(b) be denied?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does Section 2255 of the Criminal Code allow for collateral relief when all that is shown is a failure to comply with the formal requirements of a rule of criminal procedure?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a court order the revocation of a person's parole?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making reasonable efforts to improve their health but not being able to afford the treatments?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the ultimate test for determining the best interests of the children?


New Brunswick, Canada

Does a trial court have to reduce the hours for which it awarded fees due to the fact that there were numerous arguments made by multiple parties represented by multiple attorneys?


California, United States of America

What is the role of a judge in determining whether foreign officials have prepared the evidence for the extradition hearing?


Ontario, Canada

Can a spouse continue to receive spousal support after the spouse has retired?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for overturning a finding of fact by an administrative tribunal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for corroborating evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Does a restitution fine qualify as punishment under the prohibition against ex post facto laws?


California, United States of America

Is there an exception in the law where evidence of jealousy, quarrels, antagonism or enmity between two individuals is sufficient to convict one person of a crime?


California, United States of America

Can a tree that is decayed fall on a vehicle?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a denial of a motion to set a date for trial violate a defendant's right to a jury trial and due process?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the prohibited ground of discrimination of sexual harassment?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a jury instruction correctly states the law under the independent or de novo standard of review?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court dismiss an action for wrongful dismissal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for liability for breach of the rule in Rylands v Fletcher v Fletcher?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for success in an anti-SLAPP motion?


California, United States of America

What is the test for cross-examination of a character witness?


California, United States of America

Is evidence that supports a witness's credibility relevant for impeachment purposes?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for possession of a controlled substance with a firearm?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of conduct for an officer and director to be held responsible for a company's failure to remit taxes?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will a cause of action be unavailable due to the passage of time?


British Columbia, Canada

Is an attorney fee agreement enforceable?


California, United States of America

Does a prisoner have an objectively serious medical need?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the common law common law principle of reasonable notice in employment agreements?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current state of the law on assault under section 2113(d) of the Criminal Code when a defendant is convicted of assault and putting life in jeopardy?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an administrative tribunal reopen, rehear or set aside its decision?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the state of the record regarding the availability of legal aid?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the test for a motor vehicle licence holder to obtain a licence to drive without a license?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the courts treated contingent fees in a class action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the duty of a selling agent to verify or assess the accuracy of information given to a prospective buyer?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the remaining charges and firearm enhancement in a second degree murder case?


California, United States of America

Does the court have power to dismiss a civil action for failure to prosecute?


"New York", United States of America

Can an unlawful detainer action be consolidated with a separate fraud action?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court overturn a declaratory relief order?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a qualified-immunity defense?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a person be found in contempt of an order with which they cannot comply?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a simple kidnapping crime?


California, United States of America

Does the Eighth Amendment require finding that a felony murder defendant killed or attempted to kill?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a reasonable doubt has been found in a murder case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for an attempted murder?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is counsel ineffective for failing to challenge the admissibility of wiretap evidence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for invalidating an election?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will a judge find unconscionability to support an unequal division of net family property?


Ontario, Canada

What is the duty of a court to instruct a jury on any uncharged lesser offense that is necessarily included in a charged offence?


California, United States of America

What legislation, if any, should have been enacted?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for cross-appeal from an order granting attorney fees?


California, United States of America

What is the test for having no criminal record?


California, United States of America

Does a federal failure to instruct apply in a non-capital case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements of a cause of action for intentional misrepresentation and negligent misrepresentation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to convict a man of first degree murder?


California, United States of America

Does a city official charged with administering a nuisance abatement program have immunity from prosecution if they bar a contractor from entering into the contract?


California, United States of America

What is the test for increased risk of injury in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the rule of law in cases where a defendant has been found to be in breach of the common law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a contract of service where the terms of the contract are based on market conditions rather than on the duration of the service?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does a prosecutor misstate the elements of robbery in his closing argument?


California, United States of America

How have medical and/or legal opinions been interpreted in medical malpractice cases?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a plaintiff to bring a claim for First Amendment retaliation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a defendant to argue that the evidence was insufficient to support the jury's findings of premeditation and deliberation as to each count?


California, United States of America

Can a grievor cross-examine the facts of the grievor on cross-examination?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for a joint endeavour?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard for a waiver of a patient's right to be present?


California, United States of America

What is the test for invoking Rule 244.1?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for obtaining a warrant to search a person's body?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a jury trial by jury?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for reversing a jury verdict in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Does a police officer need to remain with the accused while counsel is giving instructions?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for assessing credibility and reliability in refereeing?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a prosecutor who makes a statement before a jury that touches on one defendant's right to silence and representation constitute a constitutional violation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a search warrant application based on expert advice of a law enforcement officer?


California, United States of America

Can an execution creditor take more than the interest of the judgment debtor?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a defendant's failure to object and make an offer of proof at the sentencing hearing concerning alleged errors or omissions in the probation report waives the claim on appeal?


California, United States of America

Does a section of the New York State Code of Civil Procedure have to be read in a way that preserves the constitutionality of the statute in its current form?


"New York", United States of America

What are the consequences of the aborted sale of a property?


Alberta, Canada

What is the doctrine of joint work?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a state employee's intentional destruction of an individual's property violate the due process clause of the 14th Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a breathalyser test to determine whether an accused has been found guilty of assault?


British Columbia, Canada

How does remarriage affect a party's entitlement to needs-based spousal support?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a plaintiff permitted to refer to prior pleadings to make his amended complaint complete?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a defendant have to participate in the presentation of the defense case during the penalty phase?


California, United States of America

Does a judge have the power to overturn a judgment of death in a death penalty case?


California, United States of America

Does an undercover officer posing as a fellow inmate need to provide a Miranda warning to a suspect?


California, United States of America

Does the sentencing of a defendant who pleaded guilty to a charge of reckless endangerment of life with intent to cause grievous bodily harm be considered within the range of permissible decisions?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the history of the California Bill of Rights?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of an acquittal of a defendant on a charge of manslaughter?


California, United States of America

What is the relevant case law for cancelling a physiotherapy benefit?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the record support a conviction for grand theft by embezzlement under section 504 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for giving a jury instructions on involuntary manslaughter?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant has been found negligent in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

Can a witness be compelled to testify in accord with their last statement?


California, United States of America

What is the test for granting summary judgment on a medical malpractice claim?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will the Court strike down the death penalty?


California, United States of America

Does appellant have standing to appeal from the order denying the motion to vacate the forfeiture period?


California, United States of America

What are the legal principles of aiding and abetting in a murder case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for having a custody order under the Children’s Law Reform Act?


Ontario, Canada

Can an amendment of a pretrial order be reversed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of counsel asking for an adjournment and recusal of a judge?


Ontario, Canada

Is there a retainer agreement for an attorney who was only representing plaintiff in connection with the automobile accident?


California, United States of America

What is the test for “adequate, just and equitable” in the words of the testator?


Ontario, Canada

When will a court require a permanent restriction on the movement of the custodial parent?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the duty of disclosure of medical malpractice in medical malpractices?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for section 14(1)(b) of the Canadian Constitution on religious freedom of speech?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for abridged civil rights in the context of medical care?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the pleading standard in a civil action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is an indigent defendant entitled to appoint counsel to pursue a postconviction motion to withdraw a plea pursuant to section 1016.5 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

Does a judge have any bias in questioning a mother about the emotional impact of changing a minor's placement?


California, United States of America

Is comparative juror analysis relevant in determining whether to strike a prospective juror?


California, United States of America

What is the bar to double jeopardy in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a defendant who is charged with violating section 166, subdivision 4 of the California Criminal Code entitled to a trial by jury?


California, United States of America

Does the Court of Appeal have the power to increase or decrease the sentence of an offender who appeals his sentence?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the proper procedure for cross-examining a police officer's accident report?


California, United States of America

What is the test for outrageous conduct in a claim for emotional distress?


California, United States of America

What is the quantum of damages for loss of enjoyment of life and enjoyment of the enjoyment of living in a residential unit?


British Columbia, Canada