Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.
What is the substantial evidence test for an aider and abettor of an attempted murder?
California, United States of America
What causes of action exist for fraudulent nondisclosure?
California, United States of America
Can a municipality refuse a business licence to an adult boutique on the basis of protecting the community's moral welfare?
British Columbia, Canada
Is amplification of an affidavit sufficient to compel a judge to approve the affidavit?
British Columbia, Canada
What are the principles of causation in a personal injury case?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for permissibility of a medical malpractice?
"New York", United States of America
What is the test for an award for future loss of income-earning capacity?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for a mandamus proceeding to review an administrative order?
California, United States of America
What is the test for establishing that a final decree was entered without the wife's consent?
California, United States of America
What is the standard of practice in medical malpractice?
Ontario, Canada
What is the effect of an accountant’s error in a consent order?
British Columbia, Canada
Does a defendant have a constitutional right to continue to present a defense in a sexual assault case?
California, United States of America
What is the standard of review in a personal injury case?
California, United States of America
What is the test for successful federal habeas under the AEDPA?
MultiRegion, United States of America
How have the courts dealt with a motion by appellant against appellees for failing to serve them properly?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does the Law Society of Upper Canada require an applicant with a lengthy criminal record to be admitted to the law society?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for determining whether a defendant has the ability to pay a restitution fine?
California, United States of America
Is a defendant entitled to credit against his sentence for the amount of confinement he received prior to sentencing?
California, United States of America
What is the meaning of the word "larceny" in section 459.5 of the California Criminal Code?
California, United States of America
How have the courts interpreted section 6403 of the Federal Elections Act?
California, United States of America
Does a district court's dismissal of a habeas petition constitute a final order?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is there any case law concerning an end date beyond the certification date?
Ontario, Canada
Is a recitation of only the appellant's evidence not the "demonstration" contemplated under the above rule?
California, United States of America
What is the definition of extraordinary education expenses?
British Columbia, Canada
Is a party intentionally underemployed or unemployed intentionally imputing income under section 19(1)(a) of the Employment Guidelines?
British Columbia, Canada
How have courts interpreted the meaning of Section 1964(c) of the RICO Act?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the standard of review for a restitution order?
California, United States of America
What is the test for advising a defendant of his right to counsel during questioning?
California, United States of America
What is appellant's argument that he was prejudiced by his prior criminal history?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What constitutes cruel and unusual punishment in a prison?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What are the factors the court should consider on a pleadings amendment application?
British Columbia, Canada
Is there any case law that supports the argument that a trial judge understands and follow established law?
California, United States of America
Does a defendant have to waive his right to raise his constitutional claim on appeal?
California, United States of America
What is the definition of cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the implied warranty of fitness, merchantability and durability in a commercial contract of purchase?
British Columbia, Canada
Is a peace officer making an arrest on a private premises without a warrant in the execution of his duty?
Canada (Federal), Canada
How has the criminal justice system in other states dealt with the issue of aiding and abetting a burglary?
"New York", United States of America
Does a reduction of a criminal conviction to a criminal charge under the Three Strikes law affect a defendant's qualification as a strike?
California, United States of America
What is the current state of the law on non-compensationary support?
Alberta, Canada
What is the standard of review for a duty of consultation?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the difference between a request for a psychiatric assessment and an independent medical assessment?
British Columbia, Canada
What considerations do courts consider when determining whether a bank is subject to partial preemption from a state's anti-discrimination legislation?
California, United States of America
What are the elements of an employment agreement where plaintiff alleges misrepresentation with respect to the employment agreement?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What are the elements of an attempted criminal threat?
California, United States of America
What is the test for obtaining a search warrant for photographs of a person in the street?
California, United States of America
Does a prosecutor who vouch for documentary evidence and a government witness deny a fair trial to a defendant?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is a prison official acting "under color of state law" when housing and providing medical care to prisoners?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is there a resulting trust on property held by David, who owns the property?
British Columbia, Canada
What are the consequences of the evidentiary rulings of the trial court in cases involving abuse of discretion?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a defendant appeal against the effect of the Three Strikes law in a criminal case?
California, United States of America
What is the effect of pre-trial publicity on a jury?
MultiRegion, United States of America
In what circumstances will a bankruptcy court abuse its power?
federal, United States of America
What is the test for a plaintiff to prove that she sustained a serious injury in a motor vehicle accident?
"New York", United States of America
How have courts interpreted statutory interpretation de novo on appeal?
California, United States of America
What is the test for adverse possession of property?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for determining whether a class action was commenced for improper purpose?
Ontario, Canada
In a personal injury action against the respondent, is he required to include the children in his extended health plan?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for a court to order a party to attend arbitration?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the liability of an occupier regarding a slip and fall in a public place?
Ontario, Canada
What is the effect of a referendum against a particular zoning ordinance amendment?
California, United States of America
What is the burden of proof and what is the test?
Canada (Federal), Canada
Does a defendant have a right to refuse review of hearsay evidence?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does a defendant have to prove he was a member of a criminal gang prior to the charged crime under section 186.22, subdivision (e) of the California Criminal Code?
California, United States of America
What is the current state of the law in relation to the relationship between a parent and their grandchildren?
Ontario, Canada
Is a plaintiff entitled to invoke privilege under the Fifth Amendment to justify refusing to answer an interrogatory?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is Section B of the California Civil Code applicable to an employer who is not a party to the action?
California, United States of America
What is the test for determining whether section 654 of the Penal Code is factually applicable to a given series of crimes?
California, United States of America
Is it negligence to travel at four miles an hour (1.5 km/h) around a hole in the road?
Saskatchewan, Canada
In what circumstances will a judge order a motion to set aside a previous order in the administration of the same estate after the same order has become final?
California, United States of America
Does a defendant have a right to counsel at a sentencing hearing?
California, United States of America
Does the marital communications privilege apply to communications between spouses?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the "critical element" of section 290 of the California Code of Civil Procedure?
California, United States of America
Under what circumstances will a plaintiff be able to claim damages from a defendant who is not a defendant?
California, United States of America
Can a motion to vacate a forfeiture judgment be appealed?
California, United States of America
What is the effect of the second sentence for a man convicted of possession of a firearm with intent to kill?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does the Attorney General have the authority to preserve keycard records for review?
California, United States of America
What is the statute of limitations for an attorney malpractice action?
California, United States of America
What is the test for establishing a positive grandparent relationship?
Ontario, Canada
What are the elements of alternative two wherein: (1) the existing policy or practice created an unreasonable risk of the Eighth Amendment injury?
California, United States of America
What is the current state of the law on joint custody of a two-year-old child?
Ontario, Canada
Does a defendant have a constitutional right to present a defense based on third party culpability evidence that shows only a motive or opportunity to commit a crime?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a conspiracy to commit a crime of violence under RICO?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a probationer be punished for a violation of a condition of probation?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a motion to strike a Statement of Claim?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for absolute or qualified immunity for executing a search warrant signed by a magistrate?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for granting leave to tender additional affidavits?
British Columbia, Canada
Does the prosecution have a duty under the Fourteenth Amendment to disclose evidence to the defense?
California, United States of America
Does a plaintiff have a general obligation to keep a proper look out and to take reasonable precautions and to respond to apparent potential hazards?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for placing a defendant on felony probation and making restitution to the victim?
California, United States of America
What is relevant evidence in a personal injury action?
California, United States of America
What is the test for dismissing a motion for delay or obstruction of justice?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the scope of judicial review of an action of the department in discharging an employee?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a jury overturn a verdict of possession for the purpose of trafficking?
British Columbia, Canada
Can an attorney be held in contempt of court for advising a client to assert his privilege against self-incrimination?
California, United States of America
In what circumstances will a court grant a continuance under section 437c of the Criminal Code?
California, United States of America
What is the test for objecting to the wording of a trial court's response to a question from a deliberating jury?
California, United States of America
In what circumstances will a judge deny a claim in unjust enrichment?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the legal test for security for security costs?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for determining whether methamphetamine has a narcotic character?
California, United States of America
How have the courts dealt with the issue of potential prejudicial publicity in jury selection?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a bankrupt litigant be entitled to a disproportionate amount of costs?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the effect of a motion to vacate a mandate?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for an amended pleading in a civil rights case?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a request to obtain documents from an attorney employer be used in personal injury cases?
California, United States of America
What is the obligation of a party moving for an order that will affect the rights of the absent party to make full and fair disclosure of all material facts?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for a claim of cruel and unusual punishment?
California, United States of America
What is the test for determining whether a person is disabled by the time they apply for disability benefits?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for security for costs in England?
Manitoba, Canada
Can a guarantor be relied upon in a motor vehicle collision case?
New Brunswick, Canada
What is the test for admitting an impeached spouse's criminal record?
Ontario, Canada
What is the likelihood that a police officer on his "beat" would have found activity at 6:30 a.00 on a residential street in the middle of the morning?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is solicitor client privilege and what is the test?
Nova Scotia, Canada
Does a jury's instruction that states that intent is not to be proven beyond a reasonable doubt is valid?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What are the risks of attaching excessive weight to police testimony?
Canada (Federal), Canada
What is the test for establishing a new standard of review in determining whether a trust has been properly established?
California, United States of America
What are the exceptions to the Fourth Amendment warrant requirement?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a motion for interim costs?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for a motion to dismiss an indictment under section 1326(d) of the Immigration Reform Act?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the standard of review applicable to a Minister's discretionary authority to waive or cancel all or any part of a penalty or interest under the Income Tax Act?
Canada (Federal), Canada
What are the principles that govern the assessment of future care costs?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a witness be found privy with a party in a subsequent proceeding?
California, United States of America
In what circumstances will the police search the vehicle of a suspect who has been arrested for driving under the influence of a narcotic?
California, United States of America
How have the courts dealt with sentencing error claims in sentencing error cases?
California, United States of America
What is the test for disqualifying a lawyer from acting?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for a motion in s. 137.1(4)(b) to balance freedom of expression against the general public interest?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the impact of a private law duty of care on social workers?
British Columbia, Canada
What are the legal tests used to determine abuse of power?
MultiRegion, United States of America
How have courts dealt with the issue of conscientious objector claims in the context of local authority issues?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for enforcing an option for the sale of land?
Ontario, Canada
What is the burden of proving a surety that has forfeited their bail?
California, United States of America
What are the jury instructions in a motor vehicle accident case?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a prison official to be found guilty of tortfeasor's violation of the Eighth Amendment?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is a contingency fee arrangement fair and reasonable?
Ontario, Canada
Is a blood grouping test valid for medical malpractice?
"New York", United States of America
Can a whole decision be invalidated?
British Columbia, Canada
Is a father's right to search his son's toolbox when he is not an adult?
California, United States of America
What is the effect of the use of confidential information in the context of an application for a writ of habeas corpus?
MultiRegion, United States of America
In what circumstances will arguments of argument on a summary judgment motion only be made where there is a strong prima facie foundation in the record?
Ontario, Canada
Does Section 3509(k) of the Criminal Code extend the statute of limitations in sexual assault cases?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is an attorney required to hand over all of the papers and property of a client to the attorney who has a retaining lien on them?
"New York", United States of America
What is the test for subjecting another person to deprivation of their constitutional right?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for proportionality when assessing the severity of a criminal offence?
Canada (Federal), Canada
What is the test for breach of contract in a commercial relationship?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the limited scope of production from a non-party under Rule 7-1(18)?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for using foreign law in a domestic proceeding?
Ontario, Canada
How has the court treated a motion for disclosure of personnel records of two police officers?
California, United States of America
What is fair warning given to a defendant in a civil case?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a witness to be charged as a principal or a principal in a criminal case?
California, United States of America
What is the burden of appealing against a sentence that was reduced to a misdemeanor under Proposition 47?
California, United States of America
Is the loss of a trial date, prolonging litigation, and associated difficulties and hardships that may be suffered by one or more of the parties suffer not factors that constitute “prejudice” in considering whether to grant the amendments?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for constructive possession in a criminal case?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the proper language in a jury instruction in a personal injury case?
California, United States of America
What constitutes oppressive, unfairly prejudicial conduct?
British Columbia, Canada
What are the consequences of admitting misconduct and misappropriation?
Ontario, Canada
What are the limitations of the Roman Catholic Church in determining the validity of a marriage?
Canada (Federal), Canada
What is the standard of review on appeal from a dismissal?
California, United States of America
What is the obligation of each spouse to support the other spouse in common law?
Ontario, Canada
Can the sole beneficiary of a trust be the sole trustee of the trust?
California, United States of America
Does a finding of 707 need to be made prior to the conclusion of the second stage of a hearing?
California, United States of America
Is there a relationship between a juror and an Assistant District Attorney?
"New York", United States of America
Is a disciplinary action acceptable if it is within the range of fair and reasonable disciplinary action?
British Columbia, Canada
Does the fact that a jury found that an employee of an airport subjected him to an adverse employment action is sufficient to establish that the trial court abused its discretion in denying him a motion for a new trial?
California, United States of America
Is there compelling legal argument to support the argument that the definition of reasonable doubt is unconstitutional?
California, United States of America
What is the test for proof of incest?
Manitoba, Canada
What is the effect of a default on a motion brought by a defendant in a personal injury case?
California, United States of America
Is a doctor under section 654 of the California Sexual Offences Act permitted to administer drugs to a minor?
California, United States of America
In what circumstances will a plaintiff be considered a proper party to a conveyance and not a simple contract creditor?
Saskatchewan, Canada
If an adult child is still living at home, but is not ill and disabled, is that adult child entitled to support?
British Columbia, Canada
What is mootness and what is the effect of mootness on a motion?
British Columbia, Canada
Is striking out a claim in common law?
Ontario, Canada
Can a defendant be found not guilty of a charge of perverting the course of justice?
California, United States of America
Is there any case law in the history of the Court of Appeal to support the argument that reason is insufficient to support a claim of reason?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for determining whether a person is legally entitled to sue for damages under the Mental Health Act?
California, United States of America
Does the California Board of Administration have the power to determine who is entitled to a pension under the Public Employees' Retirement Act?
California, United States of America
What are the implications of a finding of premeditation and deliberation for the solicitation of a murder?
California, United States of America
How is the standard of review applied in awarding attorney's fees for abuse of discretion?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is a statement of decision sufficient to facilitate the review of a judgment?
California, United States of America
What is the difference between a plaintiff and a plaintiff in a civil case?
California, United States of America
What is the effect of the s.15 investigation and report in determining custody and access issues?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the standard of care for treating a patient with a severe form of bowel cancer?
British Columbia, Canada
Does the exclusionary rule apply to private security personnel?
California, United States of America
Is a jury properly instructed that a defendant can be found guilty of perjury if he honestly and good faith believed the statements he signed were accurate?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a defense objection to the question "assumed facts not in evidence" or "misstated evidence"?
California, United States of America
In what circumstances will a court strike down a plaintiff's objection?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a finding of negligence by a jury in a motion to be heard by the Court of Appeal?
Ontario, Canada
Is a sentence that is grossly disproportionate to the crime a cruel or unusual punishment for the purposes of the Eighth Amendment?
California, United States of America
What is the test to prove that the Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches?
California, United States of America
What is the test for making out a tort based on maintenance?
Alberta, Canada
What is the current state of the law on "sudden" use?
California, United States of America
Can an easement for ingress and egress be extinguished by adverse possession?
California, United States of America
When bringing an ex parte application, can the applicant make full and frank disclosure of all material facts?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a lay witness give opinion testimony on the identification of a witness?
California, United States of America
What is a Fourth Amendment violation?
California, United States of America
Does a secondary school have an affirmative duty to protect a student from assault by a third party?
California, United States of America
In what circumstances will the court order that an applicant be placed in the same position as she would have been if fraud was not committed?
California, United States of America
What is the test for knowing participation in a criminal conspiracy?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a motion to suppress a marijuana possession conviction?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a motion to suppress?
California, United States of America
Does the short form pleading rule apply to federal defendants in civil cases?
California, United States of America
What is the test for establishing a pattern of criminal gang activity?
California, United States of America
