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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Is a Miranda warning necessary to obtain consent to search?


California, United States of America

Is a minor or minimal participant in a criminal offence considered to be a possession of a small amount of marijuana?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for retroactivity under the ex post facto doctrine?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion alleging prosecutorial misconduct in rebuttal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does an extradition judge have jurisdiction to determine the running of sentences and limitation periods under s. 29 of the Criminal Code?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a defendant in a non-capital case who pleads guilty or admits a parole violation waives the right to appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for misapprehension or mixed fact and law?


British Columbia, Canada

How is child support calculated when one parent has physical custody of a child and the parents share custody of another child?


Ontario, Canada

What is considered scandalous in the context of allegations that are not relevant to the issue?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any limitation of liability in the limitation of personal injury cases?


Yukon, Canada

What is the sufficiency of evidence against a defendant in his criminal case?


California, United States of America

How have the courts in BC considered the value of a husband’s home when the wife entered into joint tenancy with the husband?


British Columbia, Canada

When will a court grant leave to amend or dismiss a complaint for failure to state a claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a plaintiff proceed by petition under Rule 10(1) of the BC Rules of Civil Procedure to determine whether there were implied terms as alleged?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law where there are two separate criminal objectives for firing into a vehicle containing three occupants?


California, United States of America

What is the test for giving a jury a "consciousness of guilt" instruction in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a permanent stay of a proceeding?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts dealt with unevenness of the surface of a paved surface of what is effect a walkway?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the implications of a court's ruling on the admissibility of relevant evidence for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

Can a single act or omission constitute more than one crime?


California, United States of America

Does a railway company have a common law obligation to exercise its rights as not unnecessarily injuring another person?


Saskatchewan, Canada

How has the court interpreted the meaning of the word "knowledge that the gang's members engage in or have engaged in criminal gang activity"?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of a punitive damages claim?


Saskatchewan, Canada

When will a jury consider the prior convictions of a defendant?


California, United States of America

What would the California Court of Appeal do?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted section 175 of the Criminal Code with respect to an enhancement to a sentence that includes an indeterminate term?


California, United States of America

What is the test for setting aside a subpoena in a medical malpractice case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for obtaining a search and seizure under s. 8 of the Criminal Code?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for abuse of judicial discretion?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing the insanity defense?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the Court have to instruct the jury on the elements of force and fear?


California, United States of America

Does a prosecutor's argument in a civil case that a jury should consider whether there was an aggravative factor in the case?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted a grant deed in the context of section 115 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an abstract of judgment in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the record of a defense witness who testified on general acceptance?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of care required by a professional to make a professional representation?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for a claim that the Department of the INS violated the Applicant's right to a full and fair hearing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the range of punishment for a person who is convicted of a felony committed for the benefit of, at the direction of or in association with a criminal street gang?


California, United States of America

Is a probation condition that prohibits non-criminal conduct valid?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion of no confidence in a motion for personal injury?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to compensation for the cost of future care based on what is "reasonably necessary"?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a court have a duty to appoint a court-appointed interpreter for an indigent, non-English speaking litigant in a civil small claims proceeding?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with the issue of visible restraints at sentencing hearings?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the scope of the statement of defence of a defendant?


Alberta, Canada

In what circumstances has the Court considered an application to set aside the ex parte joinder of Bavaria?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proof in a construction contract dispute?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of cost awards on litigation?


Ontario, Canada

How have the courts dealt with media bias in the context of media coverage of court proceedings?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a judge have jurisdiction to hear an appeal from the Superior Court of the Court of Appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motorcyclist to be found guilty of gross vehicular manslaughter?


California, United States of America

What is the meaning of damages under section 4.4th 21 of the California Motor Vehicle Accident Act?


California, United States of America

Is CBSG required to pay all litigation expenses incurred by A&P?


Ontario, Canada

Does the absence of a statutory reference to sexual assault constitute prejudicial error?


California, United States of America

When will a defendant be denied a substitution of attorney?


California, United States of America

Does Section 526a of the California Civil Code require a plaintiff to be a "citizen resident" of the state or a "taxpayer supporting the governmental entity"?


California, United States of America

What is the test for standing in a motion?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for membership of a criminal gang?


California, United States of America

When will a motion to dismiss a preliminary injunction be dismissed?


California, United States of America

Can a condominium corporation enforce its COVID-19 policy regarding use of the common pool facilities?


Ontario, Canada

What rights does a defendant have to confront an out-of-court testimonial?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the presumption of intention in a case?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does a failure to find cause to cause cause constitute prejudicial error?


California, United States of America

What are the relevant elements of a first degree murder?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant appeal against his conviction for possession of cocaine hydrochloride rather than cocaine base for purposes of sale within the meaning of Health and Safety Code section 11352.5?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a domestic violence victim be allowed to make an out-of-court statement?


California, United States of America

What attributes of a parent that would impair a child's future opportunities for adoption?


Ontario, Canada

Does a magistrate have to be authorized by law to issue a warrant in a different jurisdiction?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proof in Section 523(a)(2) of the Criminal Code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the presumption of sexual assault apply to a plaintiff who failed to instruct the court regarding the on-the-person exception?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on continuing violations?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts interpreted an instruction in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a defendant be able to plead guilty to a charge of possession of a firearm under section 12021 of the Penal Code?


California, United States of America

How does a federal magistrate judge review a motion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review that the court must apply when evaluating evidence in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for advising a witness not to testify?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plea of guilty on a charge of assault with intent to pervert the course of justice?


California, United States of America

What is the test for natural justice or procedural fairness?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can an assignee or assignee of a vendor under a conditional sales contract, and if so, what are the consequences if the vendor decides to cancel the contract?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is mentally competent to stand trial?


California, United States of America

Does the threat of termination of medical benefits to striking workers constitute irreparable harm?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the meaning of the word "reasonable person" in the assessment of credibility?


New Brunswick, Canada

How has the doctrine of liability been interpreted in the context of personal injury claims in waterskiing?


California, United States of America

What is the law around caveat emptor in real property?


British Columbia, Canada

Does section 12310 of the California Criminal Code require a willfully and maliciously committed act of violence to be deemed to be an act of malice?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to exclude a defendant's statements from a sexual assault trial?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a judge step aside from hearing a motion alleging bias?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for every part of a statute?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a motorcyclist be liable for injuries sustained in a collision with a truck?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for constructive possession in a drug case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for triviality in a motor vehicle accident?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for informed consent in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to dismiss a charge for a violation of the statutory right to speedy trial?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the Court of Appeal's recent finding that a plaintiff's lawyer has a duty to expedite his case to a final determination?


California, United States of America

Does a police officer have to determine the weight and consistency of an object that is not a weapon?


California, United States of America

Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code prohibit a defendant from multiple punishment for forgery and commercial burglary in cashing a forged check at a bank?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for giving an instruction in a personal injury?


California, United States of America

Is a default judgment for foreclosure an exceptional relief?


Ontario, Canada

Does the term "enterprise" need to be confined to "legitimate enterprises"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an aider and abettor be held liable for the commission of a very serious crime?


California, United States of America

Can an estate trustee claim special fees for the administration of a deceased's assets?


Alberta, Canada

What advisements must be given to a defendant in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with unfair business practices cases?


California, United States of America

Is a violation of a safety order or statute an actionable negligence?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of an employer's misrepresentation of injuries in a termination letter?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can a plaintiff amend to add Fifth Amendment due process claims to add to the Fourteenth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a non-compensation model in a family law case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a finding of prosecutorial misconduct based on comments made by a prosecutor to a jury?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law supporting the argument that a claim under Section 1983 has to be proven by reason of causation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is prosecutor misconduct an appropriate basis for a motion for a mistrial?


California, United States of America

What is the test on a motion to quash an appeal under the RTA?


Ontario, Canada

How has the Attorney General argued that defendant has forfeited his mental disturbance and age as mitigating factors?


California, United States of America

What are some areas that have been relied upon in determining if the real risk arises?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for an overbreadth objection to a search warrant or its supporting affidavit?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving the voluntary nature of a statement?


California, United States of America

Does a testator have a moral obligation to ensure that the surviving spouse of a deceased testator's estate is not dependent upon another spouse who contributed substantially to his estate?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any abuse of discretion on an appeal against a finding that an error was made on Page 4?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a judge to bar a person from making a motion in a capital habeas corpus proceeding against the death sentence?


California, United States of America

What are the principles to apply in the context of a motion by a plaintiff to have his case considered on the merits of the motion?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a marriage agreement is fair?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the difference between a police statement and a SCAN statement?


Ontario, Canada

What is the burden of providing an adequate record to assess error in a judgment on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of section 186.22 (b)(5) of the California Penal Code on a person convicted of a violent crime committed for the benefit of a street gang?


California, United States of America

What is the test for material evidence in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for finding that a bankruptcy judge wrongfully found an attorney guilty of misconduct in a claim?


federal, United States of America

What is the standard of review in a sexual assault case where the prosecution relies mainly on circumstantial evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant's confession was voluntary?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in relation to the 5 part test?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining whether there is a prohibited ground of discrimination?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for making a threat under section 422 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate sentence for a defendant convicted of two counts of sexual assault against a minor?


California, United States of America

What is the aggravating factor when a defendant is convicted of possession for sale of marijuana for the purpose of burglary?


California, United States of America

Is possession of cocaine base a necessarily included or necessarily included offense of possession of methamphetamine?


California, United States of America

How have the courts determined that a holding company is a family asset?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant bring a motion to suppress his confession on the grounds that it was obtained in violation of Miranda?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of presenting a peremptory challenge?


California, United States of America

Can a company sue for damages against its shareholders?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a shared use order?


British Columbia, Canada

Does an impugned retainer agreement provide for a contingency based fee?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a stay of execution of a motion for a motion to overturn a finding of not guilty?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a person’s employment was a contributory factor in their personal injury?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of Rule 35(b) of the US Constitution on post-sentence sentences?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the difference between wearing uniform and wearing body armour?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for admitting evidence of obstruction of justice in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for "implied malice" in a murder case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a plaintiff have to pay the costs of an application for commitment?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any case law where the issues sought to be resolved, e.g. whether the tenant has a right of first refusal, are interminably intertwined with other issues?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a federal court dismiss a state prisoner's federal habeas corpus petition on statute limitations grounds?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a contract of service binding an employer's control over an employee?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is a breach of fiduciary duty a cause of action for professional negligence?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant withdraw his no contest plea and enter a plea of not guilty?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a contract where a company has a right to terminate the contract?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can a jury be instructed on aiding and abetting?


California, United States of America

What is the test for due process in the context of Section 739(a)(ii) of the Fourth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to claim damages from an insurer for bad faith?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a motion for a judgment of acquittal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for apportioning costs and disbursements in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

Can hearsay be admissible in a personal injury action?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Does a police officer advising a defendant of the police policy and procedure and procedure to release their breathalyzer test results constitute psychological police coercion sufficient to exclude the test?


"New York", United States of America

Does the Double Jeopardy Clause bar a retrial in this case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the fact that the jury deadlocked at the second trial affect our prejudice analysis?


California, United States of America

What must a debtor have to prove to a bankruptcy court that the debtor is in an "unusual circumstances" in order to have a plan approved?


federal, United States of America

Does a vacatur of a sentence need to include the entire sentence?


"New York", United States of America

What is the legal test for liability of a vendor in the sale of real property?


British Columbia, Canada

How has the court interpreted the law in the context of P.TO.O. protecting an employee’s safety shield?


Alberta, Canada

What constitutes "cohabitation" between an adult and a minor?


California, United States of America

What is the range of damages awarded by a court for a photographer who fails to show up for a wedding?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is there any case law where a plaintiff is required to make a restitution claim for lost income as a result of speculation or speculation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are some cases where a plaintiff has been successful in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of an electronic search condition in a probation application?


California, United States of America

What are the reasonable fees for professional counsel in a personal injury action?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for an amended complaint in a civil case brought by a plaintiff who alleges that she was ordered to participate in a criminal conspiracy to deprive plaintiff of a constitutional right?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are some cases where a trustee has been found to have engaged in fraudulent conduct?


British Columbia, Canada

Would an investigation, an instruction or argument regarding voluntary intoxication affect appellant's conviction for possession of a firearm by a felon?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court order that a plaintiff be able to sue for damages from a defendant who has been found not guilty of a similar claim?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of having to be argued in the Court of Appeal on an animal welfare case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the evidence supporting a defendant's claim that his confession was involuntary and violated the Miranda rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for producing evidence in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for double punishment under section 654 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a search warrant for in-home arrest?


California, United States of America

What are the damages for pain and suffering in a motor vehicle accident?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for excluding evidence under section 352 of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on exclusive possession and use of land?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a finding of domestic abuse?


California, United States of America

Does the collateral estoppel effect apply to the finding of probable cause in a federal traffic trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a material change in circumstances in a personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a search of a vehicle's trunk?


California, United States of America

Can a judge invoke summary contempt against a defendant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a judge have an inherent power to correct a judgment to reflect what the law requires?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to determine that there was an error in instructing the jury to produce an unlawful intent to kill?


California, United States of America

Can an attorney representing a family business in a divorce action also act as counsel for both parties?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a municipality's failure to act was a contributory factor in the failure of a third party to act on a complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a jury disregard any prior discussions that had taken place outside the presence of all jurors?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a joint venture?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the grounds for a preliminary objection to certain paragraphs of the affidavits of the Respondent in response to this application?


British Columbia, Canada

How have evidentiary errors been dealt with in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be denied effective assistance of counsel in derogation of the sixth amendment if his counsel's performance was so deficient that it prejudiced his defense?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law where a plaintiff failed to call the general practitioner who assessed her shortly after the collision and followed her recovery for the first year after the accident?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a district court compel a jury to take all the time to reach a verdict when the foreman said that the jury was close to a verdict?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts interpreted a finding that a defendant is liable for misconduct in a medical malpractice case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admitting or excluding evidence in a civil case?


California, United States of America