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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the test for unanimous verdicts?


British Columbia, Canada

What is a service provider's interest in preventing the criminal misuse of its services?


Ontario, Canada

Is voluntary payment of support postpones the commencement of the limitation period contained in the definition of spouse by reason of reason of a confirmation of the cause of action?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there a risk inherent in the sport that the participants of the sport may breach any duty of care?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for insufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a pro se litigant to amend or amend their complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the implications of the Federal Tax Court's determinations of fact and its interpretation of law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will the excommunication of four members of the Lakeside Colony be declared invalid?


Manitoba, Canada

Is there any case law or case law that supports the argument that the sentencing of a convicted rapist is based solely on the amount of information provided to the sentencing jury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does section 50 of the Solicitors Act, 1957, still have jurisdiction to control the remuneration of a solicitor?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of forcing a defendant to call a witness a liar?


California, United States of America

Is Defendant's appeal moot because she is no longer committed pursuant to the Order?


California, United States of America

Does the value of a jointly owned property have to be discounted because the wife’s sister has a joint interest in the property?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the effect of section 190.3 of the Penal Code on sentencing in a capital case?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the meaning of "use" in determining just compensation for the destruction of a home?


California, United States of America

What is the test for creating a computer-generated business record?


Ontario, Canada

How have the courts interpreted estoppel against the true owner of a property?


Saskatchewan, Canada

In what circumstances will a jury award the death penalty during the penalty phase?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making evidence of a witness unavailable as a witness?


California, United States of America

Is Lucas entitled to appeal against the Court of Appeal's finding that Lucas must pay costs on appeal?


California, United States of America

Is there a separate medical malpractice claim arising out of a second act of negligence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for opposing confirmation of a report on a reference?


Ontario, Canada

How does remarriage affect a party's entitlement to needs-based spousal support?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there an evidentiary hearing to resolve a claim of juror misconduct?


California, United States of America

What is the relationship between (1) the need for physical force and (2) the threat reasonably perceived by the responsible officials?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the difference between economic reality and legal reality?


Ontario, Canada

Does the Charter protect against insignificant or trivial limitations to human rights?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a district court's dismissal of a habeas petition constitute a final order?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for reversal of a defendant's search warrant?


California, United States of America

Does a judge have a duty to hear the cases to which they are assigned?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an action alleging a CEQA violation?


California, United States of America

What is the standard for dismissing an indictment based on outrageous government conduct?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does Defendant have to file a supplemental brief on appeal because he failed to notify appointed counsel of his right to do so?


California, United States of America

Can a jury consider whether there was insufficient evidence of mental impairment or intoxication in the case of a defendant's mental state?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the protestors alleged that the use of excessive force by the State and Local Police Defendants was the result of inadequate or improper training, supervision, instruction and discipline?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admitting evidence of criminal misconduct in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated the duty to disclose in the context of obtaining informed consent?


Ontario, Canada

Does a defendant have a right to complain on appeal that the restitution orders were improper?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of an interlocutory appeal from a Federal District Court order of suppression?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a prison official's failure to decontaminate a prisoner after exposure to pepper spray lead to deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for certification of a national class action?


Northwest Territories, Canada

What are the relevant facts on the appeal of Riccardo Lettieri's Fresh as Amended Statement of Claim?


Ontario, Canada

Is sufficient evidence sufficient to support a verdict?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does unsavory conduct in a criminal case affect the dismissal of an indictment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the definition of the publication element of a defamation claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for reducing the amount of restitution at a personal injury restitution hearing?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a factfinder is right to dismiss a motion where the factfinder error affected the outcome of the case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the CRT have any authority to award reprehensibly reprehensible conduct damages to a strata corporation?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a finding that no award of attorney's fees is legally authorized?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in the context of a custody dispute?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can an appellant appeal both his conviction and his sentence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does disclosure of privileged documents constitute a waiver of privilege?


Alberta, Canada

What are the Miranda rights of a suspect?


California, United States of America

What is the test for "mixed law and fact"?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the legal test for standing to assert a statutorily based cause of action?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a motion to dismiss?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an expert testify on the basis of hearsay?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for "prosecution due diligence" in its search for a witness?


California, United States of America

What constitutes an act of adoption under Rule 801(d)(2)(A)?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the scope of the search for suspicious packages in the context of a "suspicious package" search?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admitting evidence of bad conduct in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the basis for a restraining order?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a probationary appointee be terminated without a hearing?


"New York", United States of America

Is hearsay or double-hearsay evidence prejudicial to the applicant's claim against the respondent mother?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for common interest privilege?


Ontario, Canada

What authority exists in this province with respect to recording of independent medical examinations?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the Attorney General have an obligation to prevent the introduction of hearsay statements at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for punitive damages in the context of fiduciary obligations?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for the principle that unanimity is required in a federal criminal trial where the Sixth and Seventh Amendments apply?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does termination of employee’s benefits constitute constructive dismissal?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for declining to hear an appeal?


New Brunswick, Canada

Is a district court's error in denying a plaintiff's demand for a jury trial harmless?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a jury disregard any prior discussions that had taken place outside the presence of all jurors?


California, United States of America

What is relevant evidence in a civil case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be able to make a pro-separation claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there a reasonable expectation of profit for an individual who engaged in an activity that was not one that a businessman would have engaged in?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is discharge of lis pendens dischargeable as part of a summary judgment application?


Alberta, Canada

Does a sentence of life with the possibility of parole apply to a convicted child rapist?


California, United States of America

What is the meaning of "require" for determining the amount of a plaintiff's claim?


federal, United States of America

Does a failure to demur invalidate a charge of conspiracy?


California, United States of America

Is a failure to instruct on accomplice liability harmless?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a police order to drive an automobile to a service station?


California, United States of America

What is the test for contempt of court in a family law case?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for establishing that a trespasser is a licensee?


Alberta, Canada

Is the Ontario Court of Arbitration for the Ontario Superior Court bound by statute to arbitrate claims for malpractice, breach of contract, and intentional infliction of emotional distress?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a judge to determine whether there has been an impermissible deprivation of Sixth Amendment rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the juror need to agree unanimously as to which specific acts were committed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is a "willful" action and what constitutes a "malicious" action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden upon the petitioner to prove good faith?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for admitting a recording of a sexual assault on a minor?


Ontario, Canada

What is the legal test for dismissing an administrative grievance?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the applicable sentence guideline range for a convicted drug trafficker who signed an agreement with the US Department of Justice to supply crystal methamphetamine?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a buyer obligated to pay attorney fees to a buyer even though the buyer has not paid the fees?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court set aside a fraudulent conveyance of an insurance policy?


California, United States of America

What is the test for fixing costs in a personal injury action?


Ontario, Canada

Are there any comments made after the close of evidence or before it denied a motion to admit the defense expert testimony?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on prison health and safety issues in the context of medical malpractice cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the court have to instruct the jury on the defense in the absence of a request by trial counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the range of special and extraordinary expenses that the court may provide for post-secondary education expenses?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a defendant to make a claim for damages against a security officer for racial abuse?


California, United States of America

Does a person have to possess marijuana to be able to ingest it?


California, United States of America

What is the test for personal use of a firearm enhancement?


California, United States of America

What is the standard for review of a pleading?


California, United States of America

What is the test for severance of liability and damages in a personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

What jurisdiction does the federal court have over an action brought by a plaintiff in his name?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for disclosure of adverse comments made against a peace officer employee?


California, United States of America

Are Westside and Eastside street gangs considered to be "criminal street gangs" under section 1021.5 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

How has the judge treated class actions in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a mortgagee have an equitable mortgage?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for abuse of reason in marriage law?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining a person's eligibility for marriage?


California, United States of America

What is relevant evidence in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a statute has a clear and unambiguous meaning?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In a personal injury action, can damages be assessed before the amount of damages has been determined?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a misrepresentation be found in a tax return?


British Columbia, Canada

What is sufficient compliance with the Rules of Civil Procedure to be considered sufficient compliance?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Can a plaintiff prevent her co-defendant and her husband from discussing the facts of the accident with each other?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can a public official be found to have a personal interest in a contract?


California, United States of America

What is the evidence of an employer representative challenging the credibility of a witness?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for removing an alternate juror from a jury?


California, United States of America

How has the court treated the issue of process violation or abuse of abuse?


California, United States of America

How have the courts determined that there was no actual intent to defraud a corporation in making three conveyances?


California, United States of America

What are the damages for loss of homemaking capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a medical-legal report too long?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a supplemental brief in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Does a person who refuses to answer any question put to him by police for questioning need not answer any questions at all and may go on his way?


California, United States of America

Is there a constitutional right to stare down or otherwise subtly intimidate a young child who would dare to testify against him?


California, United States of America

What is the test for requiring a defendant to prove insanity beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

How have the parties dealt with the issue of a notice of trial?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of a lesser and necessarily included crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for deliberate indifference to medical care?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the findings of the three federal district court opinions affirming all three defendants' convictions as to all counts of sexual assault?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the costs of a motion to quash?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for equitable tolling of a claim under the statute of limitation period?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a statement made by a defendant that the money was hidden in the back of the livery be suppressed if there was probable cause for arrest?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for corroboration in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

In a motion to appeal against a jury verdict in a personal injury case brought by a defendant who failed to raise his objections to the trial judge on the motion, can the appellant appeal to the Court of Appeal to review the motion by the same judge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of domination on the relationship between a parent and child?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for a demurrer to amend a complaint?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an abuse of discretion motion?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the doctrine of proof by more than a preponderance in non-fraud cases?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing negligence in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

Is there probable cause to search a truck and its contents without consent?


California, United States of America

How to approach assessing the credibility of interested witnesses with diametrically opposed positions?


Ontario, Canada

Is there sufficient suspicious circumstances to rebut the presumption of validity of a testamentary capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a conspiracy to commit a crime?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of estoppel on a plaintiff's right to continue to pursue a cause of action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for establishing a prima facie case of negligence against the operators of a logging truck?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant entitled to discharge from probation if the term of probation has expired?


California, United States of America

What is the test for informing an accused of a crime of attempted murder?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff bring multiple identical actions against the same defendant under the False Claims Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the consequence of the conviction of a defendant who pleaded guilty to a charge of assault with intent to pervert the course of justice?


California, United States of America

What rights does a defendant have to an adequate record on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim for municipal liability for failing to protect an individual's constitutional rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What authority does the Court have to quash a committal for trial for lack of jurisdiction?


Alberta, Canada

What are the elements of a defamation claim?


California, United States of America

Does a witness have to preserve an observation for the purpose of a criminal trial?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of a deprivation of civil rights claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for striking out pleading?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What are the consequences of a jury finding a defendant guilty of murder, grand theft, and first degree residential burglary?


California, United States of America

What is the meaning of the word "building" in the language of The City Act?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a judge to make a finding in a civil case?


"New York", United States of America

Is there any case law where a defendant alleges that a prosecutor deliberately and knowingly introduced character-trait evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

How is an enforcement order justified?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of an order of costs on a motion?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any case law where a defendant was ordered to produce evidence that did not exist in the record?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is carjacking necessarily included within the crime?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review of questions of law and findings of fact?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the role of a hearing panel when presented with a joint submission?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of review in the context of a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What are the fiduciary obligations of an individual in a commercial transaction?


Alberta, Canada

What is the legal test to dismiss an application under s.25(6) of the Criminal Code of Scotland for want of prosecution?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for overturning a conviction for sexual assault?


California, United States of America

What is the inherent authority of a federal court to expunge a criminal record?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving prejudicial error on appeal?


California, United States of America

In a motion to dismiss a conviction for a prior felony conviction for failing to complete probation, what is the burden on the court?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reapportioning an inheritance under s. 65(1)(a) of the Divorce Act?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there an Eighth Amendment right to be free from wrongfully issued disciplinary reports?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to a claim when they know or have reason to know of the injury which is the basis of the action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for credibility of testimonial evidence?


Ontario, Canada

Does an employee's trust need to be subordinated?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the onus of a judge to grant a bifurcation order?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for a jury to prohibit "biblical references" in their deliberations?


California, United States of America

Can the statute of limitations be tolled between the disposition of a state habeas petition and the filing of another?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What sanctions were imposed on Petitioners for contempt of court?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of testimony that corroborates an otherwise bare defense?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the damages that flow directly from an injury?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the legal test for an attorney who enters into business dealings with his client?


California, United States of America

What is the test for interpretation of a statute?


California, United States of America

In a coram nobis petition, what is the test for a defense counsel to avoid a judgment of dismissal without prejudice?


California, United States of America

Does a person have the right to self-defense if he or she provokes a fight or quarrel with the intent to create an excuse to use force?


California, United States of America

Can a regulation require a person to waive a constitutional right in conjunction with the receipt of a welfare benefit?


California, United States of America

When will a defendant be deemed indigent for the services of a public defender?


California, United States of America

If a child has been released from custody and returned to their original parent, is there any reason for objection?


Alberta, Canada

Can a police officer who was not present at the time of arrest be required to produce the personnel records of the arresting officer?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between a cause of action and a complaint in intervention?


California, United States of America

What is the test for suppressing relevant evidence under the exclusionary rule?


California, United States of America

Is an instant insurance policy limited to liability for injuries sustained by a plaintiff in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a fraudulent misrepresentation claim?


California, United States of America

Does a search warrant need to be conducted in plain view?


California, United States of America