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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Is there any conflict of interest between counsel and client?


California, United States of America

Is retroactive child support a "windfall" to the recipient?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can defendants argue on appeal that they are immune from action pursuant to section 818.2 of the Government Tort Claims Act?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be held liable for the actions of his own affairs?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a foreign state immune from the jurisdiction of the federal courts under the Foreign Sovereign Insurance Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the federal district court considered the sentencing of a defendant in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the Court have a responsibility to intervene in a punitive damage case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a finding of guilty of sexual assault by a jury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the range of damages for damages for breach of a contract where the contract price of a parcel of land was significantly lower than the value of the land at the time the contract was signed?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on retroactively interpreting legislation?


Ontario, Canada

How has the attorney fee provision in a construction contract been interpreted?


California, United States of America

Does a finding that Flores accepted responsibility for injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident have to be overturned?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the application of the penological justification argument in the context of the Eighth Amendment challenge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a plaintiff has been injured in a workplace injury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the doctrine of the presumption of negligence in motor vehicle accident law?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a federal district judge's review of a report and recommendation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the relevant date of the date of a motion in the Superior Court of Justice against the Superintendent of Motor Vehicles?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review for a finding of fact?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant should be ordered to pay his victims restitution as part of his sentence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Will a Superintendent of Motor Vehicles be found to be unreasonable when their reasoning process is manifestly flawed?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether an employee’s conduct provides cause for dismissal?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a valid consent to search?


California, United States of America

Does a criminal forfeiture imposed upon him violate the Sixth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there a defense that would support a finding that the offense was less than charged?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for instructing a jury on a lesser included offense in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant required to plead and prove to exhaust the affirmative defense?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will an expert opinion be considered in a civil case?


California, United States of America

When bringing an ex parte application, can the applicant make full and frank disclosure of all material facts?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a jury be able to find a defendant guilty of murder in the second degree?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for delegating responsibility of making a classification to a local board of appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a federal district court have authority to impose consecutive sentences on two counts of conspiracy?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a landlord demand percentage rent on a commercial lease?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does Rule 11 require a judge to predict the maximum penalty at sentencing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for "abuse of discretion" under section 352 of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a court directly or indirectly enforcing the revenue laws of another country?


Alberta, Canada

Is avascular necrosis a material risk to the continued use of prednisone?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law that supports the argument that a trial judge understands and follow established law?


California, United States of America

On what grounds can a defendant's right to confrontation and cross-examination be challenged at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for excluding impeachment evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for equalization of income between spouses after a marriage breakdown?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an abuse of discretion in an evidentiary ruling?


California, United States of America

What is the state of the art of the state-of-the-art defense in the failure to warn?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a defendant must be convicted beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Does a no contest plea restrict the scope of an appeal?


California, United States of America

Can a Bivens action be brought against private individuals who have acted in concert with federal agents so as to have been acting under color of federal law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the state of the law on "admission to drug smuggling"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for judicial review in this case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to determine whether a defendant acted with the proper mental state?


California, United States of America

Can a cause of action first asserted in state court relate back to a claim made in federal court?


California, United States of America

What insurance policy will not suffice?


Alberta, Canada

Is there sufficient evidence to convict plaintiff Tom Sitton on either conspiracy or possession with intent to distribute?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for instructing a jury on lesser included offenses of the charged crime?


California, United States of America

Does a non-custodial parent have to move to Ottawa if the children are in care of a custodial parent?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is the test for declining to suppress evidence in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a plea of no contest preclude appellate review of the denial of a motion to disclose the sealed portion of the search warrant affidavit and discover the identity of a confidential informant?


California, United States of America

Does a failure to object to a prosecutor's summation constitute ineffective assistance?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for a search and seizure?


California, United States of America

What are the material dates used to assess the issue of confusion in an opposition to a trade-mark application?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for dismissing a claim as moot?


California, United States of America

How does expert testimony on BWS affect the credibility of a witness?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a defendant permitted to suppress evidence obtained in unjustified warrantless searches of his residence and vehicle?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a wrongful foreclosure action?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff who was not insured under section 1063.7, subdivision (b) of the California Insurance Commissioner's Notice of Action be served by mail?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to succeed in a claim of retaliation against a defendant for filing a grievance?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the factors relevant to resolving a claim for occupation rent?


New Brunswick, Canada

Is a plaintiff entitled to a jury trial for the recovery of attorneys' fees?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for forfeiture of proceeds of a drug crime?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a federal court have the power to overturn a state's decision not to enforce a motion against a federal judge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a 10% bonus clause in an employment contract enforceable?


Ontario, Canada

What is sufficient to state an Eighth Amendment claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a prima facie case of age discrimination?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a jury's instruction on voluntary manslaughter sufficient to convict a defendant of manslaughter?


California, United States of America

What is the test for exclusion of relevant evidence in a personal injury trial?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will counsel be able to challenge the findings of a jury in a criminal case in which they did not object to the prosecution's comments?


California, United States of America

What is the test for the tort of negligent misrepresentation?


Ontario, Canada

What are the elements of negligent misrepresentation in tort?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of expert opinion testimony in medical malpractice cases?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the jury consider the prosecutor's statement of the law as a statement of law by the judge?


California, United States of America

Is the reapportionment of assets that occurred in 2009 a factor when applying the Advisory Guidelines?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an employer be held liable for tortfeasor-employee negligence in the context of a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What factors must be considered when assessing credibility in a credibility assessment?


British Columbia, Canada

What is a physician’s duty to follow-up with a patient?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the Attorney General's refusal to produce documents in obedience to subpoena duces tecum violate section 15 of the Bill of Rights?


California, United States of America

Is a successful plaintiff required to pay the costs of the unsuccessful Defendant in a personal injury action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the impact of false statements made to a judge at an indigency hearing to determine eligibility for court-appointed counsel?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How does a de novo review apply to an order sustaining a demurrer?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the alleged uttering threat offence be dealt with?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

When a class action has been certified and the individual plaintiff has been found to lack standing, does the individual have standing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a party to a contract in controversy able to continue to sue for damages in a separate action?


California, United States of America

How does the date of a family property claim be determined?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the authority for a general procedure decision?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant on the testimony of an accomplice at the guilt phase of a trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether privileged information is privileged?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a search to be "reasonable"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements of intentional infliction of emotional distress?


California, United States of America

Is there an evidentiary hearing to determine whether a plaintiff has been successful in his claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a judge orally pronounce and impose a sentence?


California, United States of America

Does a general rule releasing a surety if the promisee does not proceed first against the principal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have we dealt with the issue of personal injury in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Is a covenant not to compete in a case "inherently reasonable"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for misrepresentation and concealment of material latent defects?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does a non-custodial parent have any residual rights over the child?


Alberta, Canada

Does a defendant have to prove that she was unconscious at the time of the shooting?


California, United States of America

What is the test for applying the Witt standard in a motor vehicle accident case?


California, United States of America

Is a spouse entitled to an equalization payment from the date of a contribution made by one spouse to the other spouse's property?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any reason to remand the matter to the trial court?


California, United States of America

What is the evidence to support a motion of no confidence against appellant in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What is the test for transferring an inmate from the general prison population to administrative segregation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a defendant's ability to suggest additional steps in the course of a criminal investigation render the prosecution's efforts "unreasonable"?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of gross vehicular manslaughter while intoxicated?


California, United States of America

What are the issues in the magistrate judge's report and recommendation in Perry's application for a certificate of appealability?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing an employee benefit plan?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for standing to assert a claim of public trust under the Public Trust doctrine?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for self-representation in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What are the deficiencies in the testimony of the victim's nephew and the expert witness?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the phrase "as our business warrants" in the context of liability claims?


California, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a conviction for sexual assault on the grounds of insufficient or insufficient evidence?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court overturn a finding of false imprisonment and violation of civil rights under Civil Code section 52.1?


California, United States of America

Is there any liability of a party for the expenses of a receiver who is not the agent of the party but is a servant or officer of the court?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of trespass by trespassers on a construction company's profits?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the consequences of a breach of contract resulting in a plaintiff's interest on a first mortgage?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the courts interpreted a motion for a new trial?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have any authority to challenge a finding that a defendant has to pay a booking fee?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of Rule 317 of the Canada Civil Code?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can the Court of Appeal intervene in the first instance when an improper sentence is imposed without objection?


California, United States of America

Does accidental use of force not suffice for an Eighth Amendment violation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a fiduciary relationship?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is a defendant's right to an in-camera, ex-parte examination of the prosecutor's motives for excluding blacks from jury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to have jurisdiction granted against a foreign defendant?


Ontario, Canada

Does a multiple-victim enhancement to the crime of impaired driving constitute a completed offence?


California, United States of America

Does the enlarging statute of limitation after a cause of action has already been extinguished by the statute previously in force have any effect?


Ontario, Canada

Is a single incident sufficient to establish deliberate indifference?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the meaning of a parent's "means" when it comes to income?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review for the purpose of determining whether a claim is valid or invalid?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the current state of the law on indefinite spousal support?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law supporting the argument that a hung jury in the guilt phase was not a foregone conclusion?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for recusal of a judge in a civil matter?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for terminating a personal injury lawsuit?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a stipulation that waives the right to dismissal valid?


California, United States of America

Does a criminal defendant have a constitutional right to counsel on their first appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the rule that a party must submit an objection at a later trial, even though the objection had been overruled at a previous trial?


California, United States of America

What is implied malice in second degree murder cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is an administrative tribunal entitled to set its own procedures?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for waiving a trial by jury?


California, United States of America

Is there probable cause to arrest a defendant for a nontraffic traffic offence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for summary judgment in a civil matter?


Ontario, Canada

Is a security for costs order enforceable?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the duty of a judge to control all proceedings during a trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for excluding relevant evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the relevant statute for allegations of a return to the writ of habeas corpus?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant be impeached for criminal convictions that are remote in time for impeachment purposes?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of appellate review of "palpable and overriding error"?


Ontario, Canada

Can a search warrant be used to search a person who has been arrested?


Alberta, Canada

What is the normal age of retirement for Canadian flight attendants?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for knowingly participating in a crime?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for exhaustion in a motion to cancel an appeal under the Licence Review Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for entitlement to damages for a past loss of opportunity?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the duty of a trial court to instruct on a defense?


California, United States of America

What is the test for double punishment under section 654 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the fact that there have been no public complaints about a state of disrepair in the area?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a motion to have an order reconsidered pursuant to Rule 3 of the Rules of Civil Procedure?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the presumptive rule or its exception control the result of the trial of the accused at the Superior Court of Justice?


Ontario, Canada

When can a member of a showmen’s Guild be expelled from the club?


British Columbia, Canada

Does Defendant have the authority to waive the issue of whether a new trial should have been held on the charge of impersonating a police officer?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a search and seizure of drugs during a routine patdown?


California, United States of America

What is the current definition of an accident and what is the effect of it?


California, United States of America

What are the obligations of a fiduciary?


Ontario, Canada

What is the basic principle of the law of an attempted murder?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the standard of review in an appeal from a denial of a section 1473.7 motion to vacate a conviction?


California, United States of America

Is this settlement effectively resolved a human rights complaint?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of prior criminal history on a defendant's knowledge of his constitutional rights?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that all material terms of an agreement must be evidenced as the statute requires?


Ontario, Canada

Does a voluntary payment of damages by a third party relieve the tortfeasor of liability therefor?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Can a receiver or liquidator be removed from the position of a court appointed officer?


Ontario, Canada

Can a plaintiff make a claim for sexual discrimination under the Unruh Act merely by alleging a policy's disproportionate impact upon women?


California, United States of America

Does the fact that a government employee provides opportunities or facilities for the commission of a criminal offence defeat the prosecution?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard for reviewing an appeal from a court on a point of law?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the standard of review of an application by a prothonotary?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the "functional" approach to damages under s. 24(1) of the Charter?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is aiding and abetting a separate criminal offence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for having the requisite intent to kill?


California, United States of America

What are the findings of a motion judge's reasons for judgment on costs?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

Does a defendant lose the defense if his belief in a claim to the property is mistaken?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion seeking relief against the admission of evidence in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the difference between due process and speedy trial violations under the California State Constitution?


California, United States of America

What is the test for "unseaworthiness" in a medical malpractice case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the consequences of a conviction for forcible oral copulation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing a pro se complaint for failure to state a claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Are the government's claims for overpayments under Rule 13(a) compulsory counterclaims?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for finding nuisance in a residential property?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for seeking relief from judgment under Rule 60(b)(6)?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a personal representative of the deceased's estate make a claim under s. 151(3) of the BC Supreme Court of Justice for personal representative leave to continue to pursue his claim?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the duty of a medical professional to disclose?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on a section 1915(d) motion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the meaning of the word "qualifying conduct" in the context of sexual assault legislation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for certifying a plaintiff's cause of action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for providing documents to the prosecution under Rule 16(a)(1)(C)?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review for a conviction based largely on circumstantial evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining if a defendant has been found guilty of assault by reason of gross negligence?


California, United States of America