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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Is the presence of a courtroom deputy next to a testifying defendant prejudicial?


California, United States of America

Is the word "shall" to be interpreted as mandatory or merely permissive?


California, United States of America

What are the requirements for prosecution to establish a pattern of criminal gang activity?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of a motion to dismiss all of plaintiff's claims against County Defendants?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of a firearm enhancement on the sentence of a convicted criminal?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances would a plaintiff be entitled to a lifetime retirement pension if he had followed the recommendation of his surgeon to submit to an operation which left him paralysed?


Ontario, Canada

Can a withdrawal motion be denied for abuse of power?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts in BC dealt with allegations that a lawyer improperly used his position to entrust confidence in a fraudulent scheme?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of care required by a municipality for pedestrians crossing a roadway?


Ontario, Canada

When two state procedural bars are invoked in a single order disposing of multiple claims in a personal injury case, can the state be deemed to be inconsistent with the other state?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of a juror?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a business's situs?


Alberta, Canada

How to instruct the jury after closing arguments?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant entitled to review the issue of guilt or innocence?


California, United States of America

Is this a case driven by documents rather than documents?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a search warrant for a vehicle seized in the early hours of the morning?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where the allegation of a criminal gang was dismissed because the allegation was disjunctive?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the aggravating circumstances in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

When a will has been executed by a testator having testamentary capacity and that it was read by or read to the testator prior to execution, in the absence of suspicious circumstances, is there a presumption that the Testator knew and approved the contents of the will?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on liability for failure to warn?


California, United States of America

Is wilful blindness sufficient to establish that a person was wilfully blind as to whether the other person was underage?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for a common assault certificate under the BC Criminal Code?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for approving a settlement in a class action?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law where counsel acted within the professional range of competence in making tactical decisions?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a finding that a judge must not make a finding which would directly contradict a finding previously made by another judge?


British Columbia, Canada

When will the court refuse to issue a protective order for abuse of power?


California, United States of America

Is intentional unemployment defined as intentional unemployment?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for being a member of a criminal gang?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for evidence against co-conspirators in a criminal conspiracy?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining the propriety and prejudicial effect of a comment?


California, United States of America

Does section 182 of the California Penal Code include conspiracy to commit a misdemeanor assault?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving prejudice against a defendant asserting a right to speedy trial under the California State Constitution?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a prosecutor committed misconduct under state law by deceptive or reprehensible methods?


California, United States of America

Does filing materials and continuing litigation pending appeal constitute irreparable harm?


Ontario, Canada

Can a conditional threat support a conviction for making a terrorist threat?


California, United States of America

Is evidence that raises a reasonable doubt as to a defendant's guilt admissible?


California, United States of America

Does the court have an obligation to inform Simmons of the deficiencies in his complaint and grant him leave to amend?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does an alleged author of a work that was allegedly written by another alleged author have to prove his claim to ownership of the work "from the moment it was created"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a defendant to challenge his sentence to life without parole in the Court of Appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving an unequal division?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Does the term "frivolous" need to be defined as either objective or subjective?


California, United States of America

When a defendant argues there is insufficient evidence to convict him of a charge of sexual assault, how does the court view the evidence against him?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts treated emotional responses of a defendant in a murder trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing an abuse of discretion in denying leave to amend?


California, United States of America

Does the crime of stealing property from the person be a felony even if the value of the property is low?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between full disclosure for the purposes of pleading and full disclosure at the trial stage?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for s. 42(1)(c) of the Canadian Criminal Code to determine the validity of search and seizure?


Alberta, Canada

In what circumstances will a government official be permitted to create a watershed reserve?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for a plaintiff to satisfy the first element of a sexual assault charge?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a search of a vehicle by the California Highway Patrol?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of a concurrent representation of a client by an attorney and an agent?


California, United States of America

What is the law on how to instruct a jury on abstract principles of law?


California, United States of America

Does appellant have a right to an objection on the basis that the jury failed to instruct the jury sua sponte?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a failure to timely present a claim to a public entity?


California, United States of America

What is the test for following the court's instructions in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Does improper prosecutorial conduct result in criminal charges being dismissed or a determination that a conviction was unlawfully obtained?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a defendant to plead before a jury in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

If defendant had objected in the trial court to a judgment of death against a judge, can he now apply for a writ of appeal?


California, United States of America

Is a non-custodial parent of a child entitled to regular access?


Ontario, Canada

Does section 1161a(b) of the California Civil Code have to be interpreted as a "state of emergency" for the purpose of providing emergency medical care for vulnerable children?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of section 474 of the Ontario Criminal Code on the power of the courts?


"New York", United States of America

Does an appeal from a chambers judge need leave?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a city be held liable for the actions of its mayor?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for reasonable assumptions in a claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review of affidavit evidence in the context of a duty to consult?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the legal basis for the dismissal of a master of a private school?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is reckless evasion of a peace officer a crime of moral turpitude?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a pleading of conspiracy in a family law case?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for assessing the government's countervailing interests against the individual's privacy rights?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have a certificate of probable cause to develop evidence favorable to defendant for presentation at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant was deprived of his right to effective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the test for instructional error in instructing a jury to convict a defendant on imperfect defense of others?


California, United States of America

Is fundamental justice equal to natural justice?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for denying plaintiff leave to amend his complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a judge have jurisdiction to issue a motion in a civil matter?


Ontario, Canada

Can restitution be ordered as a condition of probation?


California, United States of America

Is an abstract of judgment based on the actual sentence imposed by the trial judge?


California, United States of America

What is the test to be met when seeking to admit new evidence in a civil case?


Manitoba, Canada

What authority has been relied on to obtain judicial relief from the undertaking?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for granting a grant of review to determine whether consecutive sentences are mandatory under the three strikes law?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reasonable suspicion in a vehicle stop?


MultiRegion, United States of America

2. What are the names of the husband and wife in the context of a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the applicable standard of review in general plan applications?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review applicable to a city's decision to declare a nuisance and order it demolished?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact the exclusion order has on the lawyer-client relationship?


Ontario, Canada

What is the federal interest of the federal district court in finding that the President's Rule of the Rule unconstitutional?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a high rate of crime in a high crime area a factor in determining whether or not to detain appellant?


California, United States of America

Can a police officer improperly stop a vehicle for a routine traffic stop and seize cocaine with a street value of $200,000?


"New York", United States of America

What is the legal test for abuse of discretion when determining whether to reinstate probation or prison terms?


California, United States of America

How do we review jury instructions for abuse of abuse of power?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can para. 392 of the Criminal Code per se create a cause of action capable of supporting its claim?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a plaintiff to bring an action under the New York State Code of Civil Procedure?


"New York", United States of America

In a personal injury case, in what circumstances will a jury consider the risk to society as a whole ("all us"?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a "sit and squirm" index applied by a judge who is not a medical expert?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a statement made by a police community support officer voluntary?


"New York", United States of America

How may a court consider perjury in sentencing of a defendant in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Is a criminal defendant entitled to discovery of relevant documents or information in the confidential records of a peace officer?


California, United States of America

Is a restriction rather than a suspension order issued by the Court of Appeal?


Ontario, Canada

When will the court entertain a motion to change a temporary support order after a settlement conference?


Ontario, Canada

Can a lawyer be found guilty of misappropriation?


Ontario, Canada

How have the courts interpreted the duty to accommodate in the context of human rights cases?


Ontario, Canada

When does the Government have to give notice to an individual who owns property in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a claim that an instruction to the jury was in error?


California, United States of America

Does a witness's statement that he was being followed by the police officer that he did not know what he was doing at the time of the incident affect the admissibility of the officer's report?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated negligent or deliberate obstruction of mail delivery?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is an attorney's performance deficient for failing to present mitigation evidence at a sentencing hearing in a capital case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is informer privilege and what is the effect of it?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a plaintiff have a cause of action against a fiduciary who allegedly caused the termination of a pension plan and then collected the surplus assets?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a motor vehicle the dominant feature of the claim?


Ontario, Canada

Can an oral statement be slanderous or libel?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is a parent liable under section 272 of the California Penal Code for failing to supervise or supervise a minor?


California, United States of America

Is the jury instructed on two theories of second degree murder?


California, United States of America

Is sufficient of evidence review required under the Fourteenth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the threshold for a reconsideration of a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada?


British Columbia, Canada

Does res judicata apply in this case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the scope of the appellate court's review of a writ of mandate ruling?


California, United States of America

Can a witness be protected from prosecution if compelled to testify?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to exclude evidence at trial?


California, United States of America

When will a motion to bifurcate liability and damages in a motor vehicle negligence case be dismissed?


Ontario, Canada

What evidence was sufficient under section 924(c) of the Criminal Code when a gun was found in the waistband of a defendant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the mootness of a motion seeking to defer the removal of a Canadian niece and her 12-year-old son?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for a finding that a hearing outside the presence of the jury is unlawful?


California, United States of America

What is the test for unanimous verdicts in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What rights does a plaintiff have at a pre-healing hearing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is probable cause to arrest "sketchy"?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of proof required for an allegation of sexual assault to be successful?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the statute of limitations for seeking certiorari under the AEDPA?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can we provide relief to Guevara by treating the motion as a writ of habeas corpus?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether there is a causal connection between a breach of duty and damage?


Manitoba, Canada

How to proceed in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for malice when a defendant is accused of first degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for forcible entry in a motor vehicle?


California, United States of America

Is reduced wages a detriment to the respondent?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for the defence in a motor vehicle accident case?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a permit issue a cause of action for breach of contract, fraud and related causes of action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for obtaining information in advance of litigation?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for a stalking conviction under section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Can a strata corporation refuse to accommodate a client who has a disability?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a general demurrer under the Rule of pleading of pleading where a party relies on a limitation in the enabling section of the Income Tax Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for having an objective finding of permanent pain?


Ontario, Canada

Can a mortgagee in possession of a property be liable for loss of property due to negligence?


Alberta, Canada

Can a plaintiff bring a claim under the rule in Rylands v Fletcher for non-natural use of their land?


British Columbia, Canada

Does mistake as to consent constitute a defense to rape of an unconscious person?


California, United States of America

Is there any reversible error in the Court of Appeal's instructions on attempted murder?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant recover costs from a plaintiff even if they admit negligence?


British Columbia, Canada

Is it improper for a judge to vouch for the credibility of a witness?


California, United States of America

Can a criminal defendant waive a right to jury at trial by jury?


California, United States of America

When will a jury be found guilty of misconduct for improper contact with a witness during trial?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of the Counterclaim?


Ontario, Canada

How has the court treated a motion for a new trial for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

Is there an essential need to establish the factual basis in all Charter cases?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is a suspension pursuant to section 6102 a determination that an attorney is unfit to practice law?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of ensuring that a claim is presented to the appropriate public entity?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated the issue of consent to search for drugs in a search for a gun?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a federal district court dismiss a motion for constructive dismissal under Rule 41(b) for abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the state's position on the adequacy of the evidence against the appellants in a sexual assault case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the proper test for sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Can a court re-open where the matter was not brought to the attention of the judge?


British Columbia, Canada

How has the sentence been interpreted in the context of attempted premeditated murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for attributing quotation marks to a witness who did not actually utter the word?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of Rule 37 of the Rules of Appeal Rule 37 on a motion of appeal?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a shareholder to bring an action against a corporation?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Is it inappropriate and premature to require an individual to set aside additional funds on an involuntary basis?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of the Master's findings of fact on a mortgage application?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a declaration of constructive trust?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for proving a defendant has met its burden of showing that a cause of action has no merit?


California, United States of America

Is implied malice permitted a jury to convict a defendant of first degree murder based upon implied malice?


California, United States of America

What factors are considered in determining whether a respondent has been assigned in bankruptcy by the petitioner?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does a voluntariness colloquy need to be held before a court accepts a defendant's admission of supervised release violations?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a plea of guilty to a charge of sexual assault?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a search warrant be used to search a person's home?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is there a continuing relationship between an attorney and client?


California, United States of America

What is the test for disclosing an arguable case?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice?


California, United States of America

How has the court considered abuse of discretion in deciding whether or not to allow evidence of abuse of power to be used in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review applicable to a decision of review on a pure question of fact such as whether a marriage is bona fide?


Canada (Federal), Canada

In what circumstances will a chambers judge grant a public interest immunity claim without listing the relevant documents?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a defendant's statement to police coerced?


California, United States of America

What is the test for timely filing of a notice of appeal?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a father have to pay more than the table amount of child support when the child is away at school?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a motion for summary judgment?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

Can a defendant in a criminal case waive his right to be mentally present at trial by not eating a lunch provided to him?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is eligible for the death penalty?


California, United States of America

Is it appropriate for a single police officer to place a suspect in a patrol car?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for exclusion of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is a minor or minimal participant in a criminal offence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining the competency of a witness in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a cause of action for interference with economic interests?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that historical practice is sufficient to determine whether a fundamental principle is fundamental?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant review some factual findings made by the trial judge?


Manitoba, Canada

Does federal habeas corpus relief lie for errors in the analysis of state law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

If an informant's information is sufficient to establish probable cause for arrest, is that information sufficient to warrant arrest?


California, United States of America

Can the Respondent argue that post-referral evidence is the basis of a new complaint?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the presumption of advancement when the transferor is a husband and the transferee is a wife?


British Columbia, Canada

Does Section 32310 Violate the Second Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the meaning of the word “wrongful” in Canadian law?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts interpreted section 20022 of the Workers' Comp Act?


California, United States of America

Is it ineffective assistance of counsel for the purposes of denying a motion to suppress an assault weapon?


California, United States of America

What is the test for cross-country travel restrictions?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

What is the test for damages for malicious prosecution?


Ontario, Canada