Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.
What is the legal test for establishing the concept of dedication?
Nova Scotia, Canada
What is the test for quashing an adjudicator's decision?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a mortgagee who buys land from a tax purchaser who is not a mortgagor set up as an absolute purchaser of the land as if he had purchased from a stranger?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for police to have reasonable suspicion in making arrests?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does Scott need to rely on the Younger, Pullman and Colorado River abstention doctrines or the application of the statute of limitations?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for determining the vulnerability of a child as a victim of sexual abuse?
California, United States of America
What is the current state of the law on disclosure in a civil proceeding?
Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
How have the courts considered the credibility of a jury in a civil case?
California, United States of America
Is there an additional financial remedy for refusing to comply with the terms of a non-monetary agreement?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for a motion for summary adjudication on a disability claim?
California, United States of America
Can a claim be summarily dismissed in advance of trial?
British Columbia, Canada
What constitutes a "lawful self-defense" action?
California, United States of America
What is the test for dismissing a motion by a federal district court for lack of subject matter jurisdiction?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does section 1962(b) require an allegation of racketeering to allege an enterprise separate from the alleged persons?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is a SLAPP and what is its meaning?
California, United States of America
What is the standard of review in cases in which a defendant attacks the jury verdict on the ground of excessive damages?
California, United States of America
What is the test for using Rule 25(4)(b) in an application to dismiss?
British Columbia, Canada
How have courts reviewed the findings of a magistrate judge?
MultiRegion, United States of America
When realty is given upon trust for sale and blended with personalty, and there is a trust to pay debts, funeral and testamentary expenses, are personalty or realty liable rateably?
Saskatchewan, Canada
Can a defendant be found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt?
California, United States of America
Is there a private civil remedy under Rule 10b-5?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does the US Supreme Court have any authority to compel a jury to consider whether a trial judge coerced the jury in a sexual assault case?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can an employer terminate a defined benefits pension plan when a surplus has been realized independently of the terms of the Plan?
Canada (Federal), Canada
How have courts interpreted the language of Proposition 8 in the context of impeachment?
California, United States of America
In what circumstances will a jury acquittal of an accused in a sexual assault case where the only issue raised was identity?
Alberta, Canada
Can a plaintiff assert a hostile work environment claim based on race?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does a defendant have the right to complain of prejudicial misconduct against a prosecutor during penalty phase arguments?
California, United States of America
Does section 3(2) of the BCAA apply to non-commercial advertising?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a prosecutor ask five leading questions to a recalcitrant witness?
California, United States of America
When can an executor be removed from the will?
Saskatchewan, Canada
What is the test for an application for political asylum?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does the court err in giving instructions to codefendants where one codefendant testified in his own behalf, denied guilt, and incriminated himself?
California, United States of America
Is a bank entitled to solicitor-and-client costs?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for a finding of premeditation and deliberation in a murder case?
California, United States of America
What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of attempted rape of an intoxicated person?
California, United States of America
Is a parole officer entitled to absolute immunity for preparing a revocation report?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is a lender liable for emotional distress as a result of a wrongful foreclosure?
federal, United States of America
What is the definition of persecution and what is the test for "persecution"?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does a defendant have a right to stipulate to a prior conviction?
California, United States of America
What is the test for the doctrine of caveat emptor in real estate law?
British Columbia, Canada
Is a defendant's failure to raise a fact-based objection to the amount of restitution imposed should not lead to forfeiture?
California, United States of America
What is the test for determining whether a defendant would have pleaded a different way of pleading?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the current state of the law on the requirement of an employer to warn an employee that they have failed to meet performance standards?
British Columbia, Canada
When will a trial judge refuse to lead evidence in a voir dire?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for determining fair and reasonable treatment of a trust?
Manitoba, Canada
What is the test for making a claim of authenticity?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a judge to determine child support?
California, United States of America
Is a motorcyclist who might not see the motorcycle at the time of a motor vehicle accident a statutory violation?
California, United States of America
Can a woman who emigrated to Canada from England be considered to be "ordinarily resident" in England at the same time?
Saskatchewan, Canada
On appeal challenging the sufficiency of circumstantial evidence, does the court re-examine a witness's credibility?
California, United States of America
Can an inmate bring a parole claim in a civil rights action?
MultiRegion, United States of America
How have courts dealt with applications for interlocutory injunctions where there are conflicting evidence?
Saskatchewan, Canada
When a jury asks a jury a question after retiring for deliberation, does the court have a duty to provide the jury with additional instructions?
California, United States of America
What is the legal test for hydroplane?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for admitting a statement made to a foreign police officer?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the impact of post-arrest incarceration on a defendant's mental health?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can the victim's mother be called as a witness at trial?
California, United States of America
Is a stay not a right, even if irreparable injury might otherwise result?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is the absence of a prayer fatal to a plaintiff in a personal injury case?
California, United States of America
Can a plaintiff challenge the impugned conveyance under the Fraudulent Conveyance Act?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for liability under the Occupiers' Liability Act?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for establishing that a judgment or order of a lower court is correct?
California, United States of America
How have courts treated the term "subterfuge" in the context of a recording by a professional in a family law proceeding?
Ontario, Canada
What is the proper remedy in a case where a defendant has been found guilty of false imprisonment and subsequently remanded to a retrial on the same charge?
California, United States of America
What is the test for reasonableness of a police officer's suspicion?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for determining whether a motor vehicle accident caused a plaintiff's hearing loss?
British Columbia, Canada
Does the error in failing to modify CALCRIM No. 301 constitute a harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?
California, United States of America
What is the test for determining whether a defendant's use of his hands would cause great bodily injury?
California, United States of America
Is a defendant entitled to confront and cross-examine the witnesses?
California, United States of America
How have the courts interpreted the language of the majority opinion in a motion that reverses the trial court's judgment that proxies cannot be used in the election of directors?
California, United States of America
What are the requirements for disclosure at a committal hearing?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the standard of review for a motion to sustain a demurrer without to amend?
California, United States of America
What is the legal test for presenting knowingly false testimony in a criminal case?
California, United States of America
What constitutes the crime of actively participating in a criminal street gang?
California, United States of America
Is there a penalty in cessation of CORe payments?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for making a specific threat to the eviction personnel?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a landowner be held liable for failure to maintain a fence around a house?
California, United States of America
What is the impact of the Supreme Court ruling on freedom of speech in cases like this?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a search and seizure pursuant to section 8 of the Charter?
Ontario, Canada
What is the duress defense?
California, United States of America
Is escitalopram a patent for the ‘452’s discovery that it is more potent than citalopam?
Canada (Federal), Canada
What is the test for establishing a cause of action for legal malpractice?
California, United States of America
Does the police have a duty to take care of the vehicle of an arrestee?
California, United States of America
What is the relevance of evidence of intimate partner battering in a sexual assault case?
California, United States of America
What was the extent of the police force's "encouraging and/or exhortation and advice" to tell the truth?
California, United States of America
Is a conditional discharge under section 844 of the California Probation Code a proper condition of probation?
California, United States of America
What is the test for ineffective counsel in this case?
California, United States of America
What is the test for "imperfect self-defense"?
California, United States of America
What is the difference between the opinion of an examining physician and that of a non-examining physician?
MultiRegion, United States of America
In what circumstances will a bailiff be allowed to seize a ship's hull?
Alberta, Canada
In what circumstances have the courts found that a stipulation to an element of a charge must be entered into by the parties in the presence of the jury during the evidentiary portion of the trial?
California, United States of America
What is the test for disposition under Rule 18A?
British Columbia, Canada
Is there any case law in which a plaintiff's complaint in a medical malpractice case has a psychological rather than physical explanation?
British Columbia, Canada
Does a restitution fine qualify as punishment under the prohibition against ex post facto laws?
California, United States of America
What is the test for dismissing an action for want of prosecution?
California, United States of America
Can a defendant withdraw a plea of no contest to a charge of assault because he felt he was under duress when he entered his no contest plea?
California, United States of America
In what circumstances will a plaintiff be liable for failing to reduce his or her vehicle’s speed as a result of the collision?
Alberta, Canada
What is the test for a fiduciary relationship outside of the traditional categories?
Ontario, Canada
What are the reasons of a trial judge’s failure to state that they have a reasonable doubt?
Canada (Federal), Canada
How have courts interpreted the doctrine of equitable apportionment in the worker's compensation context?
California, United States of America
What is the disclosure of records of an applicant’s job search efforts?
Ontario, Canada
What is the appropriate sentence for an attempted second-degree robbery?
California, United States of America
Does a controlled substance need to be a crime of violence?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the effect of the rule of exclusion and reversal when it comes to the prosecution of criminal charges?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a plaintiff to obtain damages for injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident?
MultiRegion, United States of America
When the Government knows the identity of the owner of a property, what is reasonable notice?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the current state of the law in relation to RICO?
MultiRegion, United States of America
In what circumstances will the police be able to search a vehicle without a search warrant?
California, United States of America
Is an estate trustee entitled to full indemnity for all costs incurred on behalf of the estate?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for plain error in a motion to dismiss a criminal charge?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a stay of custody and access order?
Prince Edward Island, Canada
What is the test for exclusion of evidence in a civil case?
California, United States of America
Does a modification to plaintiff's liability in a medical malpractice case alter plaintiff's claim for personal injury?
California, United States of America
What is the proper extent of vigorous advocacy in a civil case?
California, United States of America
Is a statement of claim that pleads a cause of action that is beyond the court’s jurisdiction an abuse of its process?
Canada (Federal), Canada
How have courts interpreted LTD plans in employment law?
British Columbia, Canada
Can an accessory to a criminal be found guilty of perverting the course of justice for his own benefit?
British Columbia, Canada
Is possession of a controlled substance while incarcerated eligible for resentencing pursuant to section 1170.18?
California, United States of America
Is there a causal connection between the breakdown of a marriage, or its breakdown, and spousal illness that adversely affects the ability to be self-sufficient?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the consequence of the destruction of potentially exculpatory evidence in a criminal case?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the effect of a court finding that a mobility issue can be considered on an interim basis?
Ontario, Canada
What is the legal test for cost awards in an adoption proceeding?
Alberta, Canada
What are the findings of the Court of Appeal's review of the actions of the Attorneys representing the appellants?
California, United States of America
What is the test for standing in a search?
California, United States of America
Is a convicted criminal entitled to a reduction under section 17(b) of the Criminal Code?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a search warrant to seize items that are not included in the search warrant?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a showing of good cause in a motion for a continuance?
California, United States of America
Is a plaintiff entitled to double costs if they have made a reasonable offer to settle their claim?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for intentional infliction of emotional distress?
California, United States of America
What is the current state of the law on third party claims for declaratory relief under Rule 22(1)(c)?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the defence in a personal injury action brought by a plaintiff in her Primerica business case?
British Columbia, Canada
Does a plaintiff have to amend his complaint under Section 1915(e.2)(2)(B) and Section 1915A(b) of the Civil Rights Act?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What are the grounds which may justify severance of a witness?
California, United States of America
What is the test for determining whether a second motorist who runs over a pedestrian is liable for the entire damages?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What factors are considered in determining whether a criminal investigation has been improperly conducted?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a motion to impeach a jury's verdict in a civil case?
California, United States of America
Can a state court refuse to grant a motion for habeas?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for granting probation to a defendant convicted of battery resulting in serious injury?
California, United States of America
Is testimony relating to the uncharged crime of rape admissible?
"New York", United States of America
Is necessity a defense in a sexual assault case?
California, United States of America
When there is substantial evidence that a element of the charged offense is missing but that the accused is guilty of a lesser included offence, what is the test for instructing the jury to convict the accused of the same offence?
California, United States of America
Is a plaintiff entitled to attorney fees in a contract?
California, United States of America
Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code allow a defendant to be convicted of a single charge of street terrorism and a separate charge of attempted murder for a single drive-by shooting?
California, United States of America
What is the effect of sanctions imposed directly by the court without the benefit of a motion from opposing counsel?
California, United States of America
What is the actual knowledge standard for inference in a medical malpractice case?
California, United States of America
In what circumstances will a pre-guideline agreement or order change child support and/or section 7 expenses?
Ontario, Canada
Can a claim be reapplied to an arbitrator on the basis that it is not factually distinct from the previous claim?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for supporting a claim for out-of-pocket expenses?
Prince Edward Island, Canada
What is the test for determining whether a police officer has committed a crime against a minor?
California, United States of America
What is the scope of review of a committal (or discharge) flowing from a preliminary inquiry?
Ontario, Canada
What is the legal test for a motion to set aside a default judgment?
California, United States of America
What is the legal framework that governs assessment for loss of past and future earning capacity?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a defendant confront the witnesses in the witness box?
California, United States of America
What is the test for determining whether a confession was coerced?
California, United States of America
What is the test for establishing a genuine issue of fact?
MultiRegion, United States of America
In a personal injury action brought by the mother of a child with mental health issues, how has the court treated the mother's request for live witness testimony?
California, United States of America
What is the test for substantial evidence in a civil case?
California, United States of America
Does the natural and probable consequences theory apply when a defendant participates in a target offense and the event escalates with the commission of a separate nontarget offense?
California, United States of America
Can a federal judge mandate proportionality review?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does a jury have to determine whether a police investigation that resulted in no report was "adequate"?
California, United States of America
What is the burden of proving economic losses against a minor?
California, United States of America
Are motions to dismiss within the general rule as to presumptions and will be presumed regularly dismissed?
California, United States of America
In a personal injury action, does plaintiff have any grounds to challenge the evidentiary rulings of the trial court?
California, United States of America
What is the burden of a driver who approaches or faces a yellow light?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for relief from a criminal judgment?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for an application for a writ of habeas corpus?
California, United States of America
What is the test for reweighing evidence in a murder case?
California, United States of America
What is the test for an entrapment defense in a case brought by defendant Armenta-Lopez?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does a jury need to be advised that the testimony of an accomplice be received with caution and weighed with care?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the impact of the testimony of an accused in a sexual assault case?
Ontario, Canada
Is a probationary condition that requires a defendant to submit electronic devices to search and seizure unconstitutional?
California, United States of America
On what basis can a jury be found guilty of misconduct in their deliberations?
California, United States of America
What is the "substantially unreasonableness" test for challenging a sentence imposed by a federal district court?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for finding a child's habitual residence?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for admitting a video of Crystal as a witness to her trial?
Saskatchewan, Canada
What is the test for a claim for damages arising from an unconstitutional disciplinary hearing or conviction?
MultiRegion, United States of America
For the purposes of denying a motion for judicial review of a decision by the Board of Arbitration for Justice denying an application to review the denial of the motion, in what circumstances will the motion be reviewed?
MultiRegion, United States of America
How have courts interpreted the term "residence" in the context of a Cal-Vet contract?
California, United States of America
What are the circumstances relevant to determining whether a defendant was in custody for the purposes of Miranda?
California, United States of America
What is the test for evidence of past parenting?
Prince Edward Island, Canada
Is a family court order requiring a father to submit to involuntary psychotherapy a violation of his due process?
California, United States of America
Can a single act or omission be punished under section 654 of the California Criminal Code?
California, United States of America
What is the legal test for reinstatement of a lawyer who refuses to accept a finding of guilt against him?
Ontario, Canada
Is a treating physician treated differently than other medical professionals?
California, United States of America
How does a plaintiff respond to an anti-SLAPP motion?
California, United States of America
What is the agency's burden of explanation in its reasons for a finding of fact?
Canada (Federal), Canada
What is the test for establishing a hostile work environment?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the result of an independent review of the entire record for potential error?
California, United States of America
Does an arresting officer need to establish that the accused has no defence to the charge of assault before making an arrest?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for a motion to prevent a father from moving to a different location for access to his children?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for determining whether a judge has jurisdiction to grant a motion of appeal?
California, United States of America
Can a plaintiff claim damages for emotional distress in a medical malpractice case?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does the Attorney General have power to amend the law or enact additional laws for the public good?
California, United States of America
Does a party apply for an interlocutory injunction without giving notice to the other party?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a police officer give reasonable articulable facts justifying his seizure and patdown of a suspect during a search and seizure?
California, United States of America
What are the elements of possession of a drug?
California, United States of America
What is the test for an order granting or denying attorney fees in a personal injury case?
California, United States of America
What is the effect of Proposition 115 on crime victims justice?
California, United States of America
What is the test for determining loss of capacity?
British Columbia, Canada
