Is voluntary manslaughter a lesser included offense of murder?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Aguirre, G046752 (Cal. App. 2014):

The trial court's duty to instruct on lesser included offenses is well established. "'"That obligation has been held to include giving instructions on lesser included offenses when the evidence raises a question as to whether all of the elements of the charged offense were present [citation], but not when there is no evidence that the offense was less than that charged. [Citations.]"'" (People v. Breverman (1998) 19 Cal.4th 142, 154-155.)

"Voluntary manslaughter is a lesser included offense of murder when the requisite mental element of malice is negated by a sudden quarrel or heat of passion, or by an unreasonable but good faith belief in the necessity of self-defense. 'Only these circumstances negate malice when a defendant intends to kill.' [Citation.]" (People v. Gutierrez (2003) 112 Cal.App.4th 704, 708.) Aguirre did not even argue he acted in self-defense, and there is no evidence of any provocation or heat of passion.

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