Is urine testing in the presence of a government official or agent intrusive as intrusive as a strip search?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Ass'n, 1 Cal.App.4th 1398, 273 Cal.Rptr. 402 (Cal. App. 1990):
A New York court has found that "[u]rine testing 'in the presence of a government official or agent ... is at least as intrusive as a strip search' and involves a great 'intrusion on individual privacy and dignity.' [Citation.]" (Caruso v. Ward (1988) 72 N.Y.2d 432, 534 N.Y.S.2d 142, 145, 530 N.E.2d 850, 853.)
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