California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Echavarria, 13 Cal.App.5th 1255, 221 Cal.Rptr.3d 608 (Cal. App. 2017):
The theory of premeditation as it relates to Battaglia is weak. " A verdict of deliberate and premeditated first degree murder requires more than a showing of intent to kill. [Citation.] "Deliberation" refers to careful weighing of considerations in forming a course of action; "premeditation" means thought over in advance. " ( People v. Casares (2016) 62 Cal.4th 808, 824, 198 Cal.Rptr.3d 167, 364 P.3d 1093.)
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