California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from The People v. Hollinquest, A124613, No. 05-051554-4 (Cal. App. 2010):
Also indisputable is the principle that a witness, upon proper assertion of the privilege against self-incrimination, is unavailable as a witness at trial. (People v. Duarte (2000) 24 Cal.4th 603, 609-610 [101 Cal.Rptr.2d 701, 12 P.3d 1110].) "Evidence Code section 240, subdivision (a) defines unavailable witnesses as any of five types of witnesses. A witness who is exempted from testifying on the ground of privilege is
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