California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Long v. City of S.F., A147483 (Cal. App. 2018):
Placing an arrestee in handcuffs is a distinguishing feature of a formal arrest considered necessary for the safety of officers and third parties. (See People v. Pilster (2006) 138 Cal.App.4th 1395, 1404-1405.) As explained above, the officers had probable cause to arrest Long. Accordingly, as a matter of law, it was reasonable for them to place Long in handcuffs following his lawful arrest. Defendants therefore met their burden on summary judgment to demonstrate that Long could not establish an element of his cause of action for assault and battery.
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