Is aiding and abetting a separate criminal offence?

However, aiding and abetting is one means under which derivative liability for the commission of a criminal offense is imposed. It is not a separate criminal offense. (People v. Brigham (1989) 216 Cal.App.3d 1039, 1049, 265 Cal.Rptr. 486.) As an aider and abettor, it is the intention to further the acts of another which creates criminal liability. The " 'natural and probable consequences' " standard under CALJIC 3.02 which allows a finder of fact to render a verdict on derivative aider and abettor liability,

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