California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Turner, 161 Cal.Rptr.3d 567 (Cal. App. 2013):
him were, under the circumstances, reasonably necessary in their investigation to determine whether defendant was armed. Their conduct was not so intrusive or unreasonable as to have constituted a de facto arrest. J.L. is factually distinguishable and does not compel the conclusion that the detention here was unlawful. After balancing the societal interest served by the detention against the individual's right to personal security free from arbitrary interference by law officers' ( Brown v. Texas, supra, 443 U.S. at p. 50, 99 S.Ct. 2637), we conclude that the detention here was constitutionally permissible.
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