California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Madueno, F074422 (Cal. App. 2019):
"The right to ask an individual for identification in the absence of probable cause is meaningless if the officer needs probable cause to accept the individual's proof of identification. [A]n individual's voluntary cooperation with an officer's request for identification does not convert the request into a detention because the individual is 'free at this point to request that his [identification] be returned and to leave the scene.' [Ciations.] [A] voluntary relinquishment of one's identification card does not constitute a seizure as long as the encounter is consensual under the totality of the circumstances." (People v. Leath (2013) 217 Cal.App.4th 344, 353, italics added; cf. People v. Castaneda (1995) 35 Cal.App.4th 1222, 1227-1229.)
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