California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Castellanos, 21 Cal.4th 785, 88 Cal.Rptr.2d 346, 982 P.2d 211 (Cal. 1999):
3. In People v. Franklin (1999) 20 Cal.4th 249, 253 and footnote 2, 84 Cal.Rptr.2d 241, 975 P.2d 30, we held that "failure to comply with California's sex offender registration law constitutes a penal offense," but "express[ed] no opinion on whether the obligation that a person register as a sex offender, imposed as a consequence of a conviction of a criminal offense, constitutes punishment for purposes of ex post facto analysis," noting that that issue is before us in the present case.
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