In what circumstances will a court consider collective knowledge of the arresting officers in determining probable cause or reasonable suspicion?
MultiRegion, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Karluk v. Squires, 116 F.3d 484 (9th Cir. 1997):
Where officers are working in close concert, a court may consider the collective knowledge of the arresting officers in determining probable cause or reasonable suspicion. See United States v. Bernard, 623 F.2d 551, 561 (9th Cir.1979) (reasoning that "the officers involved were working in close concert with each other and the knowledge of one of them was the knowledge of all") (quotation omitted).
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