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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Can a bankrupt be held responsible for a shortfall of over 50%?


Nova Scotia, Canada

When will evidentiary rulings be made at trial by jury?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for admitting rebuttal evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim for medical care in prison?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What rights does a defendant have when he is excluded from an in camera proceeding?


California, United States of America

Is it a criminal offence to make threats or violence to deter a police officer from performing his or her duties?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the duty of a premises owner to protect patrons from violence?


California, United States of America

Is it an abuse of discretion to sustain demurrers on that ground without leave to amend?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a motion for summary judgment not available in proceedings commenced by way of a notice of application?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for denying a search warrant for search warrants issued and suppressed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving insufficient evidence to challenge a defendant's sexual assault conviction?


California, United States of America

Does the reasonableness of the taxpayer’s position sufficient to vacate a late reassessment?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on the requirement to consult with Aboriginal peoples?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the current state of the law in the US when it comes to electronic surveillance?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a court to determine whether a piece of legislation is constitutional?


British Columbia, Canada

What is a reasonable attorney's fee?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for acquittal pursuant to section 1118.1?


California, United States of America

Is it an offence to possess a controlled substance while in a correctional facility?


California, United States of America

Does a general liability clause in a civil contract allow the government to demand indemnity from a contractor for damages arising from the contractor's negligence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on informed consent?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for prejudice when a prosecution fails to disclose material exculpatory evidence to a grand jury?


California, United States of America

What is the test for assessing the merits of a commercial transaction?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Can a Minister refuse to make a surrender order under s. 44(1)(a) of the Criminal Code?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for making a specific objection on Miranda grounds at the trial level?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant's criminal record have any prejudicial effect?


California, United States of America

Is a scar that is visible only if something covering it is removed still a disfiguring scar?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an ineffective assistance of counsel claim based on a conflict of interest?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a court order a share of the costs associated with the actual counselling and the preparation of a written report?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of the so-called "relation back" rule on an application for an extension to a debtor's bankruptcy?


federal, United States of America

Does a defendant have the right to use his hands to commit a public offense of assault with a deadly weapon with his hands?


California, United States of America

Does the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) have a right to silence during a review process?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a material change under the Corollary Relief Order?


Nova Scotia, Canada

How has section 654 of the California Criminal Code been applied in the context of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a judicial review of a decision by the College of Registered Nurses?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can we be sure that the jury was not substantially influenced adversely to the appellant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review for an appeal?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel on a direct appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test applied in medical malpractice cases in Canada where a specialist failed to possess or exercise reasonable degree of learning and skill possessed by the average specialist?


Ontario, Canada

Is there a fiduciary relationship between a parent and child?


Manitoba, Canada

Is there double jeopardy in a motion where evidence was erroneously admitted at trial?


California, United States of America

Can evidence of domestic violence be introduced in a criminal action?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law in which appellants were not served with a subpoena to appear before the Grand Jury?


"New York", United States of America

What is the effect of making a general appearance in a lawsuit?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making a reasonable contribution from the child for educational costs?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on contempt of court?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for a plaintiff who suffers from severe headaches?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the responsibility of a seller to provide a complete and fair disclosure to the consumer?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is a reasonable period of time for a defendant to prepare for trial?


"New York", United States of America

Is there a greater urgency to investigate quickly in cases of violence than those of theft?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for an arbitrator to vacate an arbitration award for failing to disclose their relationship with the opposing party's counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a reversible error in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be considered unconscious in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Does a deposit of funds under a lease agreement constitute an equitable mortgage?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a constructive amendment to an indictment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for driving recklessly through an intersection?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Can a monitor be appointed to oversee the purchase and sale of shares while a finding of oppression is made out?


Yukon, Canada

Does a pro se prisoner have to "cause" a request to the prison authorities?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the relevant time for determining whether a person is inadmissible to Canada?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for sealing a search warrant?


California, United States of America

Does the Court of Appeal have an obligation to instruct the jury on the lesser included charge of assault with a firearm?


California, United States of America

What is the meaning of spoliation?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a rational trier of fact find that the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a defendant waive the privilege of attorney-client communications if he brings his own notes to the witness box to make his own case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to make a decision in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

How has Section 1101(b) of the California Code of Civil Procedure been interpreted in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Does the Fifth Amendment prohibit the prosecution from commenting on the state of the evidence?


California, United States of America

Does the comment that defendant would have been a candidate for probation had he admitted this crime have to be interpreted as a reference to false testimony at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a police officer to arrest a suspect who is not a suspect in a criminal offence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances can a defendant bring a motion for a new trial based on incompetence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for repudiating a dividend?


Ontario, Canada

Does the involvement of a military personnel in civilian law enforcement constitute a violation of the Civil Rights Act?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of a defendant pleading no contest to receiving stolen property?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are reasonable and probable grounds to issue an arrest warrant?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review for a motion to amend the judgment to add Dike as an alter ego?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to prove that their actions were a Page 7 violation of Section 7(1) of the Human Rights Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for damages for mental stress?


Ontario, Canada

Does the law of criminal attempt apply to the crime of attempted criminal threat?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that there was an explicit agreement between appellant and appellant to sustain their convictions for conspiracy?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements of a criminal gang membership charge?


California, United States of America

Can a verified complaint be used as an affidavit under Rule 56?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a court have to articulate its reasons for reducing the hours claimed by an attorney for a second appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a conspiracy?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the Court of Appeal uphold a finding that the jury was prejudiced by the unsupported instruction?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between the words "Title" and "damages" in the context of a class action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a certificate of probable cause apply to an appeal from a conviction predicated on a no contest plea?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff in a vexatious litigation obtain attorney fees from the Court of Appeal?


California, United States of America

Does plaintiff have to prove diligence to set aside a default?


California, United States of America

What is the actual knowledge standard for inference in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for having a defendant in a police lineup in the clothing in which he was arrested?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of a licensee’s conduct that compromises the licensee's integrity?


Ontario, Canada

What is the range of costs awarded under Rule 24 of the Rules of Civil Procedure?


Ontario, Canada

Is it unlawful for any person to possess or receive any firearm which has had a serial number removed, obliterated or altered and has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for reversal of a decision in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Is appellant's criminal record sufficient to determine that he is a career criminal who is a recidivist?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a driver who registers below the 50mg/100ml limit for driving under the Vehicle Accident Prevention Act?


British Columbia, Canada

What is required for a prosecution for a violation of 18 U.S.C. Section 1202(a) (a) of the Federal Criminal Code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a witness be cross-examined for personal ill will?


California, United States of America

Does the exclusionary rule apply to an officer's error of law in admitting evidence obtained unlawfully from a witness?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for admissible evidence in criminal cases?


California, United States of America

What are the damages for defamation in English?


British Columbia, Canada

How has the court considered age, mental health status at the time of the crime before sentencing a teenager who committed a crime as a juvenile?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the phrase "spur of the moment" in an instruction in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the minimum parole eligibility period prescribed by section 667.7, subdivision (a)(1) of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have the authority to grant a motion for a rehearing of a charge for failing to pay the fine and fees imposed by the trial court?


California, United States of America

What is the test for denying a motion to frisk a defendant in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for whether a defendant is competent to plead guilty?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for meeting the condition precedent in the context of an application for an interim injunction against the Minister of Environment?


Alberta, Canada

What is the federal obligation of the courts to grant a hearing to the Colorado River Water Conservation District?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to a motion to strike his complaint?


California, United States of America

What is the test for foreseeability in a claim for negligence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for changing a spousal support order?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a court order joint physical custody of a child when one parent moves away from the area?


California, United States of America

Can a party rely on a condition which was added after the formation of a contract?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is a request to continue a matter reviewed for abuse of power?


California, United States of America

What is the duty of a trial court to instruct on the general principles of law relevant to the issues raised by the criminal case?


California, United States of America

If a proper initial study has been conducted, does the standard of review shift to a de novo review of whether an EIR was required?


California, United States of America

Does the late filing of an expert report under the BCSC's Disjunctive Expert Report Rule permit late filing?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the discovery of prejudicial evidence in a criminal case constitute a writ of discovery?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the order of proof for abuse of power?


California, United States of America

What is the test for negligence in Section 7 of the Civil Rights Act?


California, United States of America

Does the Court consider arguments and allegations raised for the first time on appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is plaintiff's evidence insufficient in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted "implied" waiver provisions?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for indivisibility and liability to joint tortfeasors?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of subjective factors in real estate agreements?


Ontario, Canada

What is a trustee de son tort?


Ontario, Canada

Is a declaratory relief an appropriate vehicle for review of an administrative decision?


California, United States of America

Can a witness be sworn in at an administrative hearing?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on undercover policing?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for punitive damages in a defamation case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of a defendant in a medical malpractice case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the relevant case law in relation to disclosure of allegations against the Correctional Service of Canada?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for using a fee schedule?


British Columbia, Canada

What are some cases dealing with the issue of commercial host liability?


Alberta, Canada

Is a defendant entitled to the benefit of the Court of Appeal's Appeal of Appeal when they are not yet convicted?


California, United States of America

Can a prosecutor invoke section 1385 of the California Civil Code to dismiss a criminal complaint?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of a "false light" invasion of privacy claim?


California, United States of America

What is the reasonableness standard for a majority party to support a motion of no confidence?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the current state of the law on a grand jury subpoena?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a physician be found to have deliberately pursued a treatment plan that was not the product of sound medical judgment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the threshold for defeat in an application to dismiss a complaint?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the difference between the provisions of an employee’s rights on termination from an employee's employment plan and those of the employee's termination notice?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for preliminary injunctive relief in an immigration case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is evidence of past criminal conduct not improperly affecting the jury's deliberations?


California, United States of America

What is the test for assessing whether Jan sustained a serious and prolonged injury as a result of psychological disturbance?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for amendment to pleadings in civil litigation?


California, United States of America

What happens if a defendant loses an oral motion to revoke her probation?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of leaking confidential information?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law in Ontario when it comes to deciding whether to dismiss or dismiss an allegation of sexual assault?


California, United States of America

Is a failure to instruct the jury on the lesser included offense of resisting arrest prejudicial?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a federal district court's dismissal of a complaint for abuse of power?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for material non-disclosure?


Ontario, Canada

Is an attempt by a third party to suppress testimony admissible against a defendant?


California, United States of America

What is the test for assessing damages in libel cases?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a prospective juror have any qualms about voting for the death penalty?


California, United States of America

What is the first stage of assessing the impact of a cross-party agreement?


Ontario, Canada

What is the impact of a corporation on a payor's Guidelines income for child support purposes?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the trial court err in finding no Miranda violation?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of a "doorway arrest" where police without an arrest warrant enter a person's home and arrest the person who opens the door?


California, United States of America

Is a husband's ability to pay his wife's support reasonable?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for post-conviction relief in the context of federal habeas corpus?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a motion to substitute counsel need to be considered for review by the courts?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of relying on "inapplicable" or "unapplying" court decisions?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for awarding damages under the abuse of review standard of review?


California, United States of America

Does section 654 of the California Code of Civil Procedure require the trial court to rule that there are two named victims in a single count of shooting from a motor vehicle?


California, United States of America

Are legitimate business expenses a proper deduction from gross income when calculating a payor’s support obligation?


British Columbia, Canada

When no incriminating statement has been obtained, does the qualified immunity defense apply?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the attorney's rights regarding orders for fees?


California, United States of America

How have the courts dealt with the issue of ineffective assistance of counsel on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for Res Judicata?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a state substantive law in the guise of an evidentiary rule apply?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can one owner compel another owner to remove a straddle tree or stump?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for warrantless searches of a residence under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

In a collision where a dominant driver has a view of the intersection blocked by a stationary bus, can the dominant driver be found to be contributorily negligent?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for de novo review in a motion for acquittal based on sufficiency of the evidence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of providing an adequate record to assess error?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances have parties been required to give express undertakings to make no improper use of disclosed documents?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the term "moral evidence" need to be changed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts in the 9th Circuit dealt with a motion for bankruptcy relief?


federal, United States of America

What are the implications of the term "abuse of discretion" and "arbitrary and capricious" in the context of an insurance policy review?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admitting a defendant's propensity evidence under section 352 of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What are the requirements the moving party must establish to have a vesting order?


Ontario, Canada

When does a judicial review involve a matter of contractual interpretation?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Is a misrepresentation or concealment in an insurance application grounds for rescission of a policy?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between an allegation of systemic discrimination and an individual claim of discrimination?


British Columbia, Canada

Are there any errors in the transcript of a civil trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for obtaining a "matrimonial domicile" in a marriage?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is a piece of paper with a license plate number on it admissible under spontaneous statement exception to hearsay rule?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a genuine issue has an evidentiary foundation?


Alberta, Canada

What constitutes ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

Does the jury have the power to determine whether the driver of the vehicle was aware of the collision?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of s. 548(1) of the Criminal Code on committal?


Ontario, Canada

Does the Court of Appeal review an opinion or pre-trial order?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an abstract of judgment be amended to reflect the actual sentence imposed by the trial judge?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of a jury failing to find that appellant intended to kill in connection with any of the special circumstance allegations?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving undue influence in a testamentary case?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have a right to stipulate to the prior conviction and incarceration of a defendant under section 666 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for inadmissible identification in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review for action on a mistrial motion limited to abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America