How have courts interpreted the meaning of the word "state" in the context of civil litigation?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from Kotler v. Jubert, 986 F.3d 147 (2nd Cir. 2021):

34 Manganiello v. City of New York , 612 F.3d 149, 169 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks, citations, and ellipsis omitted).

35 Id . (internal quotation marks, citations, and alteration omitted).

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