How have courts interpreted the meaning of a word or phrase in the context of other words or phrases?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from AFL-CIO v. Deukmejian, 212 Cal.App.3d 425, 260 Cal.Rptr. 479 (Cal. App. 1989):

"It is a cardinal rule of construction that words or phrases are not to be viewed in isolation; instead, each is to be read in the context of the other provisions ... bearing on the same subject. [Citation.] The goal, of course, is to harmonize all related provisions if it is reasonably possible to do so without distorting their apparent meaning, and in so doing, to give effect to the scheme as a whole. [Citations.] Strained interpretation, or construction leading to unreasonable or impractical results, is to be avoided. [Citations.]" (Fields v. Eu (1976) 18 Cal.3d 322, 328.)

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