How have courts interpreted the instruction "a person is presumed to intend the natural and probable consequences of his act"?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from Rivera v. Coombe, 683 F.2d 697 (2nd Cir. 1982):

2 See also Nelson v. Scully, 672 F.2d 266 (2d Cir. 1982) where we held that the instruction "a person is presumed to intend the natural and probable consequences of his acts" had been cured by the trial court's repeated emphasis on the prosecution's burden of proof and the jury's obligation to consider all the facts and circumstances, 672 F.2d at 272, even though the trial judge followed the "natural and probable" instruction with a highly prejudicial example: "A person cannot, for example, throw someone off the roof of an apartment building and then say he was merely conducting an experiment in aerial dynamics."

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