The following excerpt is from Altenhoff v. Rowland, 951 F.2d 358 (9th Cir. 1991):
The appellant raised this issue for the first time in her state court appeal. The state appellate court affirmed, holding that the trial court should have instructed on every element of the offense, but that the error was harmless. The state appellate court meticulously applied the standard set forth in Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 (1967). We cannot fault its analysis.
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