How has factor (a) been considered in determining that a defendant's use or attempted use of force was an aggravating circumstance?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Coddington, 2 P.3d 1081, 23 Cal.4th 529, 97 Cal.Rptr.2d 528 (Cal. 2000):

Addressing factor (b) the presence or absence of criminal activity by the defendant involving the use or attempted use of force the court did err by considering appellant's use of force during the murder under that factor, which refers only to other instances of violent conduct or threatened violence (People v. Champion, supra, 9 Cal.4th at p. 945, 39 Cal. Rptr.2d 547, 891 P.2d 93), and by failing to recognize that the absence of prior criminal activity involving force is mitigating. However, there is no indication that the court considered appellant's use of force during the murders to be an aggravating circumstance that was additional to factor (a) and "double counted" the aggravating nature of that conduct when concluding that aggravating circumstances outweighed mitigating.

Other Questions


In what circumstances will a jury consider a defendant's prior armed robbery convictions as an aggravating factor in determining that he committed two other crimes? (California, United States of America)
What factors have been considered in determining aggravation against a defendant in an aggravated assault case? (California, United States of America)
Is a defendant's claim that the court should have deleted reference to irrelevant mitigating factors from the instructions given to the jury regarding the aggravating and mitigating factors to be considered in determining the appropriate penalty? (California, United States of America)
What is the test for determining whether a defendant's financial condition is to be considered a factor in determining punitive damages? (California, United States of America)
In what circumstances will a jury be instructed to consider "the expressed or implied threat to use force or violence" as a factor in determining penalty? (California, United States of America)
In a motor vehicle accident case, in what circumstances will a jury consider whether there is an aggravating or mitigating circumstance in determining which of the two most serious penalties apply? (California, United States of America)
What is the test for determining whether a jury should consider a defendant's mental state as a mitigating factor in determining the penalty? (California, United States of America)
Does the fact that a greater number of aggravating than mitigating circumstances may be established in aggravating circumstances determine whether a lower term is justified? (California, United States of America)
Does a jury have to consider whether a defendant's evidence of intoxication in mitigation constitute aggravation or aggravation? (California, United States of America)
How have courts interpreted section 190.3(1) of the California Criminal Code when determining aggravation and mitigation factors in aggravation? (California, United States of America)
X



Alexi white


"The most advanced legal research software ever built."

Trusted by top litigators from across North America.