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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Is admitting to past misconduct involving moral turpitude impeached a witness in a criminal trial?


California, United States of America

Can a motion for a continuance of a criminal trial be denied for abuse of power?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a duty of care in negligence?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

What is the test for intervening in a personal injury matter?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does a jury's verdict for fraud by misrepresentation reflect the absence of a factual finding necessary to support a cause of action?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with the issue of forged signatures in real estate files?


Ontario, Canada

Is adverse possession continuous or continuous?


California, United States of America

Can a plea bargain contain a promise that defendant will be entitled to or shall receive a certificate of probable cause?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing there are no material facts in dispute?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

What is the test for obtaining consent for a search of an apartment?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving negligence against a driver who strikes a pedestrian?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of a finding of guilty in a Notice of Complaint?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the test for using the phrase "serves no legitimate purpose" in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim under the Eighth Amendment for inadequate medical care?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the range of damages for loss of income for a plaintiff in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for conducting a substantial evidence review based on all of the evidence?


California, United States of America

Can an attorney who provides general immigration advice to an undocumented immigrant be charged with a criminal offence under Section IV of the Immigration Code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How to instruct a jury in a murder trial when the jury is instructed to strike unanimity?


California, United States of America

What is the test for vacating a single multiple-murder special circumstance finding?


California, United States of America

Does a court's specification of reasons for granting a motion for a new trial, which does not state any grounds or reasons for the decision to grant the motion, constitute untimely and void?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an implied waiver in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admissible third-party evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for instructing a jury on the law relating to the facts established in the case?


California, United States of America

What is the procedure of declaring a mistrial?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of prosecutorial immunity in the criminal justice system?


"New York", United States of America

Can testimony from a co-defendant at trial be used to establish a motive for possession of a machine gun?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can solicitor-client privilege apply to communications between solicitor and client?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the truth of a witness testimony?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of reputation on a lawyer's practice?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the impact of a plaintiff's financial circumstances on the application of Rule 39(29) of the Rules of Civil Procedure?


British Columbia, Canada

When will expert opinion testimony be excluded from a jury trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting a sexual assault charge if the victim does not make a prompt complaint?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law in which a defendant has complained of an instruction informing the jury it may reject the testimony of a witness who testified falsely?


California, United States of America

What is the test for identifying the driver of a car involved in a collision at a busy intersection?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the limitation period for a cause of action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the proper test for situating intangible property such as unemployment benefits on a reserve?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a Commissioner's failure to prevail against him in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for sustained fear in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Does Section 654, subdivision (a) of the California Penal Code, section 654 of the Criminal Code apply to a defendant who has multiple convictions?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dismissal with prejudice for failure to comply with an order of the court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What role does the prosecuting counsel play in the administration of criminal justice?


Alberta, Canada

Does the Attorney General have forfeited a contention of substantial rights under section 1259 of the California Civil Code of Civil Procedure Act?


California, United States of America

When a probation term is revoked, does the court still have jurisdiction to revoke the probation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will evidence be admissible in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When reviewing a decision by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (BIA) on an application for disability benefits, can the BIA rely upon itself?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a defendant have to file a separate petition for writ of habeas corpus?


California, United States of America

When a defendant successfully appeals a criminal conviction, can he receive an aggregate sentence greater than that imposed at trial?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General's interpretation of Section 1231(b)(3)(B)(ii) of the Immigration Code apply to a drug trafficking conviction?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a judicial stay apply to appeal from the Court of Appeal?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts dealt with a request for a statement of decision from a retired trial judge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

Can a mortgagor redeem after a final order?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does failure to correct false testimony affecting a witness's credibility or disclose impeachment information fall into a narrow structural category that requires automatic reversal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a prior conviction for a crime committed by the same person remote in time for impeachment purposes admissible?


California, United States of America

Is a search incidental to an arrest not lawful?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a claim for wrongful use of an elder's property?


California, United States of America

What is relevant evidence in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Does the word "shall" in the closing argument of a murder trial influence the jury's decision to award the death penalty?


California, United States of America

How have we treated the appellant in the context of his application for leave of absence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a defendant to challenge their conviction for sexual assault?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the words “not resulting in death” in the context of medical malpractice cases?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does the attorney-client privilege apply to a previously undisclosed email address?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a judge award joint custody to two parents who are engaged in a long-term relationship?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can an ex parte motion vary a support order granted by a court in another jurisdiction?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for materiality in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Does a motion for appointment of counsel need to be heard before a district court to dismiss a pro se complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a city be found liable in a cause of action for failing to remove or replace a defective oil heater?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for judicial review of a finding of attorney-client privilege?


California, United States of America

Can a renewal of a policy of insurance be sought after the expiry of the writ?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for selecting a substitute for a party who has failed to demonstrate overwhelming prejudice?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a plaintiff to be awarded damages for failing to follow a recommended course of medical treatment?


British Columbia, Canada

What is a conditional use permit?


California, United States of America

Can facts establish a breach of contract and arise from carelessness in the performance of the contract?


Alberta, Canada

Does section 1387 of the Penal Code, which permits refiling a felony complaint after dismissal, deprive defendants of the right to a speedy trial?


California, United States of America

Does the double jeopardy clause bar a defendant from seeking a retrial if there is a mistrial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law in which a plaintiff has been found to be in breach of the federal and state constitutions?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a witness has inconsistent statements?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a probation officer's report include this circumstance?


California, United States of America

What is the test for expert testimony in a criminal action where a defendant claims she killed her abuser in self-defense?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the Miranda Rights?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether discriminatory reasons were a factor in the decision to refuse to accept an application from a taxi?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a judge order retroactive support from the date that the wife gave notice of separation?


Ontario, Canada

Is there a distinction between litigation privilege and litigation privilege?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for sustaining a criminal verdict in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of issue estoppel on findings of fact made by an administrative body acting within its jurisdiction?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant knew of protected speech before the allegedly retaliatory decision?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for each statutory violation of Section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether there was a constitutional violation in this case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for an application to re-open a criminal case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for provocation-act murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether there is sufficient evidence to sustain a jury verdict in a case of mistaken identity?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a finding of probable cause in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a claim that a sting operation conducted by the federal government violated a defendant's Fifth Amendment due process?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the statute of limitations on a federal habeas petition?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for a judicial review?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any basis to argue that the District Court abused its discretion in denying plaintiff's motion for personal injury relief?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law in which an Indian band can argue that the court has jurisdiction to place a display on their land?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of illegal immigration on a plaintiff's income?


Ontario, Canada

What is the difference between the intent of the legislation and the purpose of the petition?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for a jury to determine a breach of duty?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts interpreted the law around the issue of timely arraignment under section 5033 of the Juvenile Rights Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the court treated a claim for future post secondary education expenses under section 7 of the Child Support Guidelines?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law where counsel was unable to locate a client’s instructions?


Nova Scotia, Canada

How have the courts in B.C. dealt with the issue of negligence in a motor vehicle accident case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review for all issues the petitioner raises?


British Columbia, Canada

Is imputation of income a determination of fact?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for having probable cause to arrest?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a defendant entitled to credit for time he spends in jail while serving time for an unrelated charge?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant appeal against his conviction for assault against a probation officer for breach of his probation?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a judge refuse to award prejudgment interest on a wife's equalization payment?


Alberta, Canada

Can a defendant's explanation given in answer to a prosecutor's question be challenged?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the rule of law in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim for negligence in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated discrimination against nonresident water users?


California, United States of America

Does a District Court's denial of a proposed jury instruction review de novo or for an abuse of power?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the federal rule on reducing the lodestar amount in an award of attorney fees?


California, United States of America

What factors are considered to determine the quantum of exemplary damages awarded against a defendant who is found guilty of a breach of the Corporations Act?


California, United States of America

Does a confession by default of the allegations in a cross-complaint invalidate a plaintiff's cause of action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for conversion of property?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for delivering an offer to settle?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for the purpose of compensating the spouses of a plaintiff in a long-term disability case?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there an evidentiary hearing to resolve a claim of juror misconduct?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances have the Joneses been successful in their claim for possession of the Disputed Area?


California, United States of America

What is the nature of enjoyment required to establish an easement under the doctrine of lost modern grant?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for an appellant to appeal against a finding that the trial court exercised its discretion not to grant a certificate of probable cause?


California, United States of America

Does the statute of limitations begin to run when the factual predicate of the claim could have been discovered through the exercise of due diligence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for reviewing a sentence that has been overturned by the Court of Appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

If the text of a ballot is ambiguous and supports multiple interpretations, how will the courts interpret it?


California, United States of America

Is a single witness sufficient to uphold a judgment even if other evidence is inconsistent or false?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for contempt of court?


Alberta, Canada

When will the proceeds of sale of the matrimonial home be shared?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the statute of limitations for fraud and RICO claims?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a prosecutor in a criminal case commit misconduct under either federal or state law?


California, United States of America

Does the Secretary of State for Environment, Environment, Food and Rural Affairs have the authority to deny appellants' claim that the impact upon the food chain and its consequences were speculative?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test required by Rule 901 to authenticate an item of evidence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing probable cause in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to dismiss a defence case?


Ontario, Canada

Does a settlement agreement need to be fully enforceable?


California, United States of America

What is the reasonableness of a federal court's sentencing determination under a "deferential abuse of discretion" standard?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts treated prejudicial error at trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant be held liable as an aider and abettor of a crime?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of a joint venture?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proof in determining the appropriate penalty in a capital case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for waiving a jury trial in a mental health commitment case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a witness has a criminal past?


California, United States of America

Does a trial court have jurisdiction to continue to issue findings after a notice of appeal has been filed?


California, United States of America

When will a preliminary injunction be issued against defendant?


California, United States of America

What is the test for sufficiency of evidence to support defendant's conviction?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a judge to determine whether a child is in the best interest of the child?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Is error of state law cognizable on federal habeas review?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of Rule 68 on a hospital's lodestar?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the factors used to determine whether a claim for reimbursement of child support is successful?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the test for reasonable cause for a search of a vehicle following a stop by a police officer?


California, United States of America

What is the test for outrageous conduct in a claim for emotional distress?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in the context of retained counsel's representation in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving a trial court erred?


California, United States of America

What is the test for cross-examining in a sexual assault case?


Ontario, Canada

In assessing whether a police officer has reasonable grounds to justify the arrest, what is the test for reasonable grounds?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a lump sum maintenance order?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does the error in failing to instruct the jury on involuntary manslaughter constitute a reversible error?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversal of a finding of guilty in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated claims by motorcyclists who are injured in accidents if their lights and siren are activated?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a trustee have reasonable authority to withhold substantial evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test applied by the Court of Appeal to review a conviction?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether circumstantial evidence affects a burglary allegation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of a sexual assault?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant liable for a crime if the victim has a history of mental health issues?


California, United States of America

Can a claim that a conviction is barred by the statute of limitations be raised on appeal?


California, United States of America

When a child does not continuously pursue post-secondary education but lives at home and works part-time, can a payor parent be relieved from a portion of the child support payment for that period?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts reviewed the substantiality of foundational evidence in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for whether a class proceeding is preferable procedure for resolving common issues?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a defense counsel to request an instruction of no confidence in a jury?


California, United States of America

Is aiding and abetting a crime separate and distinct from that of conspiracy?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a defendant be convicted of kidnapping for purpose of robbery under section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Is the robust and pragmatic approach used in medical malpractice cases?


Ontario, Canada

Can a constructive trust remedy an unjust enrichment?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law where the victim acted aggressively in the context of sexual assault?


California, United States of America

How have the courts dealt with a motion denying an evidentiary hearing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for exhaustion of remedies in a collective bargaining agreement?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court order interim support on a motion for spousal support?


Ontario, Canada

When a jury cannot reach a verdict, can the court order additional deliberations?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant can appeal against a finding that they have been found liable in part and part of a claim against them?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the definition of "a person aids and abets the commission of a crime"?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for establishing a trust?


California, United States of America

Can a hospital be held liable for its own negligent conduct?


Ontario, Canada

Can the doctrine of common law be used as a cause of action?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the standard of review for a section 186.22 gang enhancement?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the Miranda Miranda Miranda Statement?


California, United States of America

Does a judge have a role in plea-bargaining?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the implications of the trial court's analysis of the carriers' liability in a motor vehicle accident insurance claim?


California, United States of America

Is loss of homemaking capacity compensable?


British Columbia, Canada

What rights does a public official have to speak out in the workplace?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a prosecutor be required to explain to a jury how he excused a prospective juror in error?


California, United States of America

How does the court award sanctions under the abuse of discretion standard?


California, United States of America

Does the confrontation clause or the hearsay rule apply?


California, United States of America

On cross-examination, over his objection, is it permissible to ask whether he invoked his constitutional privilege against self-incrimination before the Grand Jury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a trust in a personal injury case?


Manitoba, Canada