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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Under section 70.25(2) of the New York State Criminal Code, under what circumstances will sentences for two or more offences run consecutively?


"New York", United States of America

What is the appropriate sentence for a defendant who has been convicted of a serious felony under section 667, subdivision (a)(1) of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted mitigation and aggravation in a murder case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for excluding an eyewitness identification of a defendant in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for intentional infliction of emotional distress in a nonjudicial foreclosure action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to determine damages in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal obligation of a strata to choose a reasonable repair and maintenance option?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the implications of class counsel’s fees?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for evidence of voluntary intoxication in a murder case?


California, United States of America

What is the relevant statutory reference to Section 425.16 of the California Code of Civil Procedure?


California, United States of America

What is the role of a judge on appeal?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for the tort of intrusion by seclusion?


Ontario, Canada

Does the remedy of attachment need to be separate from the action at law?


California, United States of America

Does the statute of limitations apply to a borrower who alleges that he was defrauded by his bank?


California, United States of America

What is the test for construe a pro se civil rights pleading?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for assessing solicitor’s accounts?


Ontario, Canada

Can counsel oppose a motion making suggestive identifications?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What if the jury had been instructed not to consider the word "narcotics activity" in their assessment of evidence at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for unreasonable delay in applying for Charter of Human Rights?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can a federal habeas writ be issued on the basis of a perceived error of the state law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for loss of housekeeping and home maintenance capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a statement by an attorney at a Proposition 47 hearing be considered a judicial admission?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making an award of attorney's fees under appeal?


California, United States of America

Can a criminal defendant bring a motion for return of property seized by a police officer prior to trial?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be denied a fair trial if the prosecution's case depends substantially on the testimony of an accomplice?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an award for future care for a plaintiff who suffers from multiple sclerosis?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a claim of prosecutorial misconduct in a death penalty case?


California, United States of America

Is a question of mixed fact and law a pure question of fact or law?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Is misdescription of a piece of land included in a certificate of title to a parcel of land invalid?


Alberta, Canada

How have the courts treated a motion for a new trial in a case involving statistical discrimination?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How can a court at third hand do anything but hold that there were reasonable and probable grounds to believe the youths may have committed attempted theft?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can an injunction be issued to prevent a policyholder from bringing a common law action seeking damages against an insolvent insurance company?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of filing under the removal statute?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a motion for divorce can be relied upon solely on affidavits and evidence submitted by the parties?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the trial judge considered the views and preferences of a five year old child in a case?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is the test for punitive damages in a wrongful death case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reasonable diligence on a third arbitrator?


California, United States of America

Can an employer rely on its lien rights in a third-party action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a spectator's actions were prejudicial to a jury?


California, United States of America

What is the test for sentencing a defendant for assault with intent to commit a sex crime during the commission of a burglary?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a party who has been awarded or is to be awarded costs for fees and disbursements?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the table amount need to be used to set child support?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any case law where a defendant has been found guilty of false imprisonment by reason of silence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for insubstantial evidence to support a charge of possession of cocaine base for sale?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff bring an action against the state for failing to protect the title to the property during the statutory statute of limitations?


California, United States of America

Does a builder’s contract terms have an impact on the liability of the builder in tort?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for estimating future earnings capacity for a plaintiff?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review required for a town to obtain approval from the Court of Appeal for its anti-fracking ordinance?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a mortgagee permitted to sell or dispose of the goods in the ordinary course of business?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Can errors concerning evidence presented to the grand jury result in the dismissal of charges or a new trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on disclosure of candidate material to the general public?


California, United States of America

What is the test for foreseeability in tort law?


New Brunswick, Canada

Can a charge of driving under the influence of intoxicating liquor be consolidated with the charge of contributing to the delinquency of a minor?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for setting aside a final order?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can a statement be defamatory?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for "sincere and nondiscriminatory" discrimination?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining reasonable attorney fees?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of s. 19 of the Immigration and Refugee Commissioner's Guidelines for dealing with fraudulent applications?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test of foreseeable and expected hazards under section 149 of the Motor Vehicle Accident Act?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a negotiated guilty plea in a criminal case have to be followed by a reduced sentence?


California, United States of America

Is a party entitled to double costs for failing to accept an offer that should have been accepted?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of the Court of Appeal's finding that a defendant has been denied access to evidence in his civil case?


California, United States of America

Can the Court of Appeal intervene in the first instance when an improper sentence is imposed without objection?


California, United States of America

What constitutes confidential attorney-client information?


California, United States of America

Can a state prisoner appeal a district court's denial of habeas corpus?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the Miranda warning?


California, United States of America

What is the remedy for an overbroad search warrant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for striking out a statement of claim as against the partners?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for punitive damages in medical malpractice cases?


California, United States of America

Does litigation privilege need to be replaced with an obligation to disclose for the accused to make full answer and defence?


British Columbia, Canada

Is compliance with service of process essential to establish personal jurisdiction over a defendant?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an unconscionable marriage settlement?


Canada (Federal), Canada

How have the Courts in BC considered proportionality considerations?


British Columbia, Canada

Does death terminate any power of revocation of a cheque by the estate of the donor?


Ontario, Canada

In assessing whether there was an intention to gift and that such intention was arrived at voluntarily, is undue influence raised?


Manitoba, Canada

Can a trial court's failure to list other crimes relating to factor (b) in the calculation of violence?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court allow a plaintiff to argue that they have a claim of right over the victim's purse?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving a claim for disability benefits?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the federal government have any right to claim tax immunity from a private contractor?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a decision about extending time for a human rights complaint be reviewed for reasonableness?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the relevant evidence for a motion to suppress?


California, United States of America

How is a defendant's sentencing under the Eighth Amendment proportionality?


California, United States of America

How has the California Cannabis Association defended its own "limited defense" in a medical marijuana case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a jury be able to consider whether provocation was a factor in the fatal accident of a defendant's death?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for establishing there are no material facts in dispute?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

What is the test for assessing the "entirety of the situation" in a child protection application?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current test for sanity of a criminal defendant?


California, United States of America

Does a judge have a right to salary and cost-living increases as effective upon their commencement of service as a judge?


California, United States of America

Can a state be held responsible for a private action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a person who refuses to answer any question put to him by police for questioning need not answer any questions at all and may go on his way?


California, United States of America

Is the prompt outcry exception to the hearsay rule?


"New York", United States of America

Can a spouse encumber a former family residence to facilitate an order pursuant to s. 89 of the Family Law Act?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the Attorney General have the authority to find that a defendant forfeited a challenge to his own educational instruction?


California, United States of America

Is sufficient evidence to support a criminal defendant's conviction?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court take no account of the amount of cash or other assets held by the husband in order to fund a compensation claim?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proving that a defendant made in connection with a public issue is in violation of the Defendant's right to free speech?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does an attorney have to do anything which will injure his former client in any matter in which he formally represented him?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the interpretation of evidence in a roadside prohibition application review?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a motor vehicle driver be found negligent in his failure to keep a proper lookout at the scene of a collision?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for habitual residence?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Is there any case law or case law that supports the argument that the sentencing of a convicted rapist is based solely on the amount of information provided to the sentencing jury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is routine discomfort in the prison setting inadequate to satisfy the objective prong of the Eighth Amendment inquiry?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What factors will a court consider when determining the quantum of spousal support?


Alberta, Canada

Does the statute of limitations apply to a claim for damages arising out of a fraudulent transaction?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be held liable for violating a plaintiff's constitutional rights by acting under color of state law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for using the term "employee" to refer to an independent contractor?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant has been denied equal protection by the courts?


California, United States of America

When a debtor files for bankruptcy relief in the federal bankruptcy court, does the debtor have access to letters of credit?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a defendant be able to bring a motion alleging that an officer lied about the basis for their arrest?


California, United States of America

What are some cases where a plaintiff has been found to be intoxicated at the time of an accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proving that Jong was insane when he killed his wife?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the statute of limitations for attorney malpractice run until the client has settled his criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a finding of premeditation in a second-degree murder case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for having to pay 50% of a judgment against a bankrupt?


Alberta, Canada

Is a defendant's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel for failing to file a notice of appeal moot?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a tenant be permitted to cut down trees on a parcel of land where there are no trees?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the consequences if a plaintiff refuses to execute a settlement agreement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making water and sewer available to the land?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for damages in libel cases?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for producing in camera review of a prosecution law enforcement witness file?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for interpretation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) clause in a purchase and sale contract?


British Columbia, Canada

Is section 28(c) of the California Civil Code self-executing?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a conviction of first degree premeditated murder?


California, United States of America

Does a court have a duty to instruct on a defense that is not supported by substantial evidence?


California, United States of America

Can a bankruptcy court abuse its legal standard or its factual findings?


federal, United States of America

Does the principle of buyer beware apply to real estate purchases?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law where a jury was asked to consider the impact of "unpleasant" autopsy photographs on the evidence?


California, United States of America

Is it reasonable for a payor parent to assume full-time employment rather than a part-time position?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law in which a class action has been brought?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of software on the accuracy of a cell phone propagation map?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the impact of a long-term marriage on the provisions of the Marriage and Divorce Act?


Ontario, Canada

Can a pro se motion be dismissed for failure to state a claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the federal law governing the issue of "clearly established federal law" regarding the issue?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a landlord have to wait to acquire a proprietary interest on affixation?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a holdout juror be improperly dismissed when they refuse to give evidence at voir dire?


California, United States of America

When is a minor criminal record outweighed the seriousness of the crime?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for a jury to determine that the evidence of sanity is sufficient to sustain the verdict?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for declining to hear a motion for motion for writ of habeas corpus?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to claim the future cost of housekeeping and yard maintenance?


British Columbia, Canada

If evidence of all three criminal offences was admitted in error, does this constitute a miscarriage of justice?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a district court's decision not to grant a habeas petition?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of establishing substantial evidence on an appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim for wrongful imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress and false imprisonment?


California, United States of America

Can a pretrial detainee be held in solitary confinement that violates his constitutional right to exercise excessive force?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law or case law supporting a motion for a change of venue?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What authority does the California Licensing Board have to determine if a title or designation is misleading?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a decision in Ares v. Venner on hearsay in the context of the hearsay rule?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances have the courts found that CALCRIM No. 220 of the California Criminal Code, or Cal.Crim No.220, is sufficient to compel a jury to find that a prosecutor must prove each element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Is Natalia Makeeva required to pay the costs of a claim against Andrey Makeev?


Ontario, Canada

How have the courts in BC dealt with the issue of failure to mitigate in a personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for "particularized injury" in a tort action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining the degree of the crime committed by petitioner in his mental health case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining if the prosecution knew or should have known that the testimony was actually false?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a defendant entitled to cross-examine a veterinarian?


Ontario, Canada

How have we applied the de novo standard of review in arbitration cases?


California, United States of America

In a minor's probation application to the Court of Appeal, is the minor's claim that the search of his pockets was not justified by the search incident to arrest exception to the warrant requirement?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate sentence for attempted, willful, deliberate, deliberate and premeditated murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is liable for property damage?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Does the Attorney General have to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that a prosecutor's error contributed to a verdict in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Is it misconduct for a prosecutor to ask a defendant on cross-examination whether another witness is lying?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant entitled to a peremptory challenge to excuse a prospective juror with a disability?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of care for a plaintiff who slips and falls on ice?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the difference between the presumption of resulting trust and presumption of advancement?


British Columbia, Canada

Does propensity evidence in a sexual assault case have to be excluded from the criminal record?


California, United States of America

Is a director of a company permitted to sell all of its vessels?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of review for a prosecutor's closing argument against a defendant's Fifth Amendment rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a third party claim be terminated as an abuse of process?


British Columbia, Canada

What authority does the Court have on mootness?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can an order appointing an administrator ad litem be substituted because there is an existing executorship?


Alberta, Canada

Is a plaintiff permitted to amend or amend an articling student’s affidavit?


Ontario, Canada

What are the principles to apply in the context of a motion by a plaintiff to have his case considered on the merits of the motion?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for substantial evidence in an appeal from a denial of disability benefits?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for bringing fresh evidence into the hearing of an appeal?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a 13 year old boy's desire to live with his mother is sufficient to settle his own future?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a judge to grant probation in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between a trip to downtown Vancouver for a work purpose and a personal purpose?


British Columbia, Canada

Does plaintiff have the burden of proving that defendants had an Invidiously discriminating animus?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a criminal charge be reduced to a misdemeanor under Proposition 47 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

Is a lien for unpaid purchase-money a charge upon the land?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the role of a federal magistrate in the context of search warrants?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for "abuse of discretion" in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for evidence of character or trait of character in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Is solicitor-client privilege valid?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for injunctive relief?


Alberta, Canada

What is the impact of applause on a performance?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for severance in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for obtaining a material witness arrest warrant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test used to determine whether a father can refuse to respond to a claim for child support?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

Can police officers' failure to preserve all of the confiscated marijuana plants intact so that an independent count can be established?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a search warrant for a home in which there is evidence of mortgage fraud?


California, United States of America

Can we raise the question of subject matter jurisdiction sua sponte during the pendency of the action?


federal, United States of America

What is the test for reasonable expectation of good faith?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a defendant be charged with conspiracy to disturb the peace under section 407.7 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

How does the "crumbling skull" rule apply to determine liability in a motor vehicle accident?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts analyzed statutes compelling disclosure of information in the context of political speech?


California, United States of America

Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code limit punishment for multiple convictions arising out of a single act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting a witness who has admitted that they have no memory of the event?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of proof in a civil contempt action?


MultiRegion, United States of America