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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Can a defendant be physically restrained in the courtroom while in the presence of the jury?


California, United States of America

What is the test of foreseeable and expected hazards under section 149 of the Motor Vehicle Accident Act?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any evidence that a reasonable driver would know that there was ice on the road surface?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the scope of defamation and the assessment of damages?


British Columbia, Canada

What jurisdiction does the court have in dealing with a closure matter?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for granting judgment based on minutes of settlement where one of the parties is in default?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a driver to be convicted of possession of heroin?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of the crime of "child abuse homicide"?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in this case?


California, United States of America

What are the principles used to deter the police from purposefully denying the accused the benefit of evidence that is otherwise exculpatory?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of an employer's refusal to accept an employee’s retirement notice?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What are the costs of a child custody case?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a defendant punished under section 667, subdivision (a) of the California Criminal Code because he was convicted of having committed a new serious felony after suffering a prior serious felony conviction?


California, United States of America

Is provocation sufficient to reduce the crime to second degree murder?


California, United States of America

Is a former wife's right to inherit the estate of her ex-husband when the husband dies?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a plaintiff has met the criteria for an award of attorney fees?


California, United States of America

How has the court interpreted section 19(1)(a) of the Child Support Guidelines and interpreted the meaning of the word "intentionally" in relation to child support?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current state of the law on oral contracts?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the elements of an attempt to possess cocaine with intent to distribute?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Are there any cases where the police defendants have been ordered to pay costs of a self-represented plaintiff?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for cancelling arrears of child support?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of giving jurors advice on staying alert during jury deliberations?


California, United States of America

What are the factors used to determine whether a plaintiff has been rendered less capable overall from earning income from all employment?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of appeal when a jury convicted a defendant of sexual assault based solely on circumstantial evidence?


California, United States of America

Is a federal habeas corpus proceeding to challenge a disciplinary Page 3 conviction?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a criminal conviction final for purposes of immigration review if the alien has exhausted or waived direct appellate review?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for wilful conduct in contempt of the BCCA?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a plaintiff to recover damages in a medical malpractice case?


Ontario, Canada

What are the damages for loss of future earning capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant appeal his conviction for sexual assault against two codefendants?


California, United States of America

On a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, what is the plausibility standard?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the difference between civil and criminal liability in a case involving a motor vehicle accident?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is an employee entitled to have his performance reviewed against his previous conduct, good or bad?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a trustee in bankruptcy make use of provincial legislation in gathering in the assets of a bankrupt?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for using the word "entitled" in sub-rule (24) and (26) of the Rules of Civil Procedure?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining the appropriate amount of spousal support pending trial?


Ontario, Canada

What factors will be considered in assessing credibility of a news report?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a search warrant is valid or invalid?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a jury have a sua sponte duty to provide an additional instruction regarding the role subjective heat of passion in negating the premeditation and deliberation necessary for a first degree murder finding?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a judicial review of an action under the "arbitrary and capricious" standard?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a lawyer be suspended from practice for obtaining a divorce order without advising the court of prior directions made by the court?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the courts dealt with an objection to an indictment that alleges there was a conspiracy to pervert the course of justice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the Immigration Officer have a duty to give reasons?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the burden of proving attorney-client privilege?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a claim of historical persecution?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making an objection to prosecutorial misconduct?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

When a defendant is convicted of sexually assaulting a young girl, can the trial court still find that the victim was "particularly vulnerable because of her extreme youth within the given age range"?


California, United States of America

What is the test for calling upon a defendant to respond to the issue of just cause?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will a newly discovered alibi witness be treated as a suspect?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a non-citizen proceed pro se?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving a defendant's confession?


California, United States of America

Can a motorist who kills an innocent person [23.R.3d] in a high-speed flight from a police officer be convicted of murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for instructing a jury on a lesser included crime of robbery?


California, United States of America

What constitutes the tort of misfeasance in public office?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for granting a writ of habeas corpus de novo?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What factors must be considered when determining whether a plaintiff has been injured in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff amend his complaint to state a different cause of action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing a complaint with prejudice?


California, United States of America

Is Defendant a felon in possession of a firearm eligible for resentencing relief?


California, United States of America

Is a sworn document improperly presented before the Superintendent of Motor Vehicles?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for probable cause in a case of mistaken identity?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted estoppel provisions in a life insurance policy where the insurer knew that the insured's representation concerning prior illnesses was false?


California, United States of America

Does a file-sharing software provider have a reasonable expectation of privacy in sharing images with other members of the public?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the reasons why a landlord can charge a tenant for the use of a suite meter?


Ontario, Canada

Is there a Section 654 objection?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of security for costs on access to justice?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proving adequacy in a motion to intervene in a class action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for assessing the risk and impact of liability in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

When a general demurrer is sustained, does the court have to review the facts of the complaint in a de novo review?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of fraudulent concealment?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of the Department of Justice's failure to rule upon written objections to the pleadings?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of conflicts of interest on due process in medical malpractice cases?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court grant defendants time to file an anti-SLAPP motion in an amended complaint?


California, United States of America

Does a judge have authority to revoke probation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does an answer to a request for admission necessarily comply with Rule 36(a)?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in Canada on compensation for injured workers?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there genuine lis between the parties to the issue of non-removal?


Ontario, Canada

Can a rational juror infer from circumstantial evidence that a defendant knew of a conspiracy?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts treated the contention of the corporation that the ordinance was inadmissible in proof of a cause of action against it?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the procedure for responding to a claim in a personal injury action?


Ontario, Canada

What is considered "advisory counsel" in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What are some cases that have been decided by the Court of Appeal in the past?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is a severance payment included in the calculation of child and spousal support?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of medical malpractice on the medical profession?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard for a jury to determine the sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for ineffective assistance of appellate counsel?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code prohibit multiple punishments under the same law?


California, United States of America

What is actuarial evidence in the context of lump sum awards?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for exclusionary allegations under the Civil Rights Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a failure to meet the filing deadline fatal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does HT have an obligation to draw the parties' intent from the relevant documents?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of review for harmless error?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for changing the meaning of a section of the New York State Criminal Code to its plain meaning?


"New York", United States of America

What are litigation costs for a plaintiff in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances have the courts upheld a search warrant for search warrants for a company believed to be engaged in fraudulent activities?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the requirements for a plaintiff to be able to amend or amend his Statement of Claim against Defendant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for "maximum allowable control over municipal affairs"?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a federal court to review a motion in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does collateral estoppel apply to a state judgment in a federal civil rights action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What constitutes a penalty for asserting Fifth Amendment privilege?


California, United States of America

How have the courts dealt with the issue of restitution in the juvenile court?


California, United States of America

Does a proposed defendant have to pay for damages in a case where no valid cause of action is made out as against him?


Ontario, Canada

Is a pro se litigant entitled to notice and an opportunity to amend their complaint before Page 4 of the Complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the principle that a vehicle coming from the right has by statue or by-law the right of way?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law with respect to the integrity of transfer documents?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a judge appeal an adverse decision from the District Court of Appeal assigned to the same district judge as he had previously ruled against the same judge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a jury use propensity evidence to convict a defendant of sexual penetration of a minor?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the extent of contact between the parents at a custody hearing?


New Brunswick, Canada

Does substantial evidence need to be affirmed on appeal?


California, United States of America

Is it a felony for a convicted felon to own or to be in possession, custody or control of a firearm?


California, United States of America

What is the test for consent to use of a search dog in a vehicle search?


California, United States of America

How has the US Supreme Court upheld testimony of an impeached witness explaining his own prior failure to testify for the Government or his prior contradictory or inconsistent statements because of fear of retaliation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements of a deprivation of civil rights claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the Minister of Justice have the authority to request that evidence be admitted under s. 40(3) of the Criminal Procedure Act?


Ontario, Canada

What is a prosecutor's duty to grant immunity to a witness?


California, United States of America

Is there anything in which the defence of this action was conducted which should attract substantial indemnity costs?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of viva voce evidence in medical malpractice cases?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for a party to seek special costs in a defamation case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining the length of a sentence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving a defendant's confession?


California, United States of America

What is the test for exclusion from the discovery process?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts interpreted statements in the past that are relevant to this matter?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a parent seeking a change in custody of a child when there is a prior order granting the mother permanent custody?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a common issue or issue be tried in advance of individual issues?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the requirements for a valid donatio mortis causa?


Alberta, Canada

Is interim relief necessary in the face of a valid agreement?


Ontario, Canada

How have the courts treated evidence of prior convictions of a defendant in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

When will a jury raise the issue of commutation during voir dire or during deliberations?


California, United States of America

What is the duty of an insurance agent to recommend the appropriate level of coverage for a client's motor vehicle accident insurance?


California, United States of America

Does Attorney Washington have to be discharged from his position as an active member of the bar?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with the issue of juror identifying information?


California, United States of America

What is the test for construing a statute for a unanimous court?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to find a defendant guilty of the attempted murder of Sims?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a defendant has been found guilty of perverting the course of justice?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of establishing factual innocence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting evidence of discreditable conduct?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law where a defendant was advised by his attorney not to appeal against a finding of not guilty?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for corroboration in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Can a witness be treated as an accomplice when he testifies to another crime?


California, United States of America

Does the denial of the right to a jury trial on aggravating circumstances apply to harmless error analysis?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of a cause of action for inducing breach of contract?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on disclosing information?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a judge be found to have abused his discretion in denying a motion to exclude evidence pursuant to section 352 of the Evidence Code?


California, United States of America

Can a private school expense be disallowed?


Ontario, Canada

What factors must be considered under the pragmatic and functional approach in a medical malpractice case?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a self-employed parent entitled to deduct income from his tax return for child support purposes?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of disclosing the identity of an informer?


California, United States of America

Is assault with a deadly weapon a general intent crime?


California, United States of America

What are some cases where a medical report has been found to be relevant to a prior period of disability?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a party alleging duress to prove they entered a marriage agreement because of duress?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a jury to interpret instructions in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Does a peace officer have to remain in the room during the entire presentation of evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an indigent defendant in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How much time must an applicant have to serve and file a cost claim against the respondent in a personal injury case?


Ontario, Canada

Is voluntary manslaughter a lesser form of murder than intentional murder?


California, United States of America

Is a prospective juror's comment that appellant would be set free if found not guilty by reason of insanity prejudiced the entire jury?


California, United States of America

Can a search warrant be unsealed and disclose the identity of a confidential informant?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a permanent injunction for abuse of power under the Fair Housing Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the liability of a public entity for injuries sustained by a cyclist on a bike path?


California, United States of America

What are the requirements for filing a complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for whether a vaccine has been approved for use in Canada?


Ontario, Canada

Does a threat made by defendant to a witness constitute a criminal threat or a forcible dissuasion of a witness?


California, United States of America

What matters for due process when a defendant has been ordered to pay his/her restitution?


California, United States of America

What principles of review apply in this appeal?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the quantum of damages for loss of enjoyment of life, loss of lifestyle, and loss of amenities?


British Columbia, Canada

What factors are considered by courts to determine whether a person over 45 has a valid claim for employment?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a motion to modify or set aside a dependency judgment based on neglect?


California, United States of America

Does the statute of limitations apply if the estate has not begun a proceeding?


California, United States of America

When will a court order a separation of custody of two children from the same parent in a different location?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for an offer to be made against an order?


Ontario, Canada

In a pro se complaint, in what circumstances will the court accept as true all factual allegations contained in the complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving that an error in sentencing a defendant to life in prison for attempted murder was harmless?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in relation to scaffolding?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of a delay in completing a claim in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the duty of a correctional employee to search for criminal records?


California, United States of America

Does the corpus delicti rule apply when a defendant has registered as a sex offender without the proper address?


California, United States of America

Can a party recover attorney fees from a trial?


California, United States of America

What is the common law doctrine of judicial immunity?


Ontario, Canada

How do courts determine whether a matter arises out of a collective agreement?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does a municipality have the authority to seek an injunction against a defendant who has been found guilty of a similar violation?


Ontario, Canada

Does the Attorney General have an obligation to provide a good faith effort to obtain materials from a defendant's trial attorney?


California, United States of America

How has the Court considered the evidence in the context of a motion for personal injury?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant appeal against the finding that a prosecutor made inappropriate statements to the jury?


California, United States of America

What constitutes sustained misconduct in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for substantial evidence to support the defense of self-defence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for exclusion of evidence in a domestic violence case?


California, United States of America

What is the law of third party consent in search and seizure cases?


California, United States of America

When a parent provides funds to a child under the supervision of an adult child, does the child need to prove to the recipient that the gift was intended?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the implications of a warrantless search of an individual's home when they were evicted by their landlord?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When will counsel's failure to object to admission of evidence under section 352 of the California Evidence Code be reviewed on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the procedure for editing a supporting affidavit for a search warrant?


California, United States of America

What is the test for proximate cause in medical malpractice cases?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

Does a panel have authority to assess direct evidence that the respondent’s fear was direct?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the relevant test for refusing to accept questions from a witness?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for reversing a finding that a defendant committed offenses on separate occasions?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a party to a motion is entitled to judgment as a matter of law?


MultiRegion, United States of America