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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the impact of a long-term marriage breakdown on a family law case?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the statute of limitation for a writ of habeas in federal court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an abstract of judgment be amended to reflect the actual sentence imposed in the trial judge's verbal pronouncement?


California, United States of America

Does the meaning of the word "endorse" need to be changed so that it does not result in the invalidation of an election?


Ontario, Canada

What is the definition of second degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review of a finding of guilty under section 368 of the California Criminal Code on a charge of elder abuse?


California, United States of America

How has the Attorney General responded to an opening brief from the Defendant on appeal for the conviction of assault with intent to murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a defense objection in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the statute of limitations for fraud and RICO claims?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on fiduciary relationships?


Ontario, Canada

Does a person who is being questioned by a police officer after being taken into custody have a right to remain silent?


California, United States of America

How is a Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal reviewed de novo?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted section 2933.1 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of maintaining an adequate record of proceedings?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to specific performance of the contract for the sale of the tractor-trailer?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a pretrial identification procedure that violates a defendant's due process rights?


California, United States of America

When will a change in the law excuse counsel's failure to object at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for warrantless search and seizure?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What are the implications of a federal district court finding that the Department of the INS has failed to meet the statutory time limits for responding to a request for information from an applicant who has pending deportation proceedings?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a jury have to agree that there is a conspiracy between two defendants?


California, United States of America

What is the test for maximum contact with each parent?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for controlling the oral pronouncement of judgment in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the law of Victorian England on our society?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for refusing to give a requested defense de novo?


California, United States of America

Is imputation of income to a support payor an exercise of judicial discretion?


Ontario, Canada

On the third ground of a medical malpractice claim, is there a duty of care pleaded which is fatal to the claim?


Ontario, Canada

Can the intended beneficiaries of a will sue the attorney who prepared the will?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of a defendant pleading no contest to receiving stolen property?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether Petro Tag is a contributory factor in a Co-op’s loss of income?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the standard for creating a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the burden of persuasion in a termination of parental rights proceeding?


"New York", United States of America

When will a plaintiff be able to bring a claim for damages in negligence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for rescinding a decision?


Canada (Federal), Canada

When a defendant is charged with a crime or public offense under section 15 of the California Criminal Code, can he be found guilty of a crime committed at any time?


California, United States of America

What is the court's approach to a motion for questioning?


Ontario, Canada

Can a party not to proceed if no step has been taken for a year until after they file a notice of intention to proceed?


British Columbia, Canada

Is Article 20.07 a condition precedent to the qualification for casual sick leave?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for sentencing a defendant to five separate sentences for making a criminal threat under section 654 of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for "abuse of evidentiary rulings" in cases involving emotional bias?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the Attorney General and Deputy District Attorney be represented at the habeas corpus hearing?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of a right to marry on the children of the same-sex couples?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for denial of a motion to compel disclosure under section 237 of the Ontario Code of Civil Procedure?


California, United States of America

What is the test for exclusion of evidence for abuse of abuse of physical characteristics?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is competent to stand trial?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will section 352 of the Code of Civil Procedure apply?


California, United States of America

Does an inmate have a serious medical need?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for obtaining a warrant to arrest a person without a warrant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the facts and procedural history of a sexual assault case involving a father of one of the victim's daughters and of her unborn child?


California, United States of America

What is the test for setting aside a judgment in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Can a criminal conviction be used to impeach a witness' credibility?


California, United States of America

Is a government agency liable for negligence if a plaintiff dies as a result of negligence?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between a plaintiff and a plaintiff who asserts that their engagement is at an end because of disability and resultant absence from work?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the appropriate period of notice for a plaintiff in her claim for wrongful dismissal?


Ontario, Canada

Does the delayed discovery rule apply to child sexual abuse cases?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a "lying in wait" murder?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of a grievance?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a patient have a privilege to refuse to disclose confidential information to another patient?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate way to discontinue a personal injury action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of a special statute in conflict with a general act?


"New York", United States of America

How has the court treated the issue of consent to exclude evidence that supports a confession made by a police officer?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of proof in relation to future events?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for hostile possession of a record?


California, United States of America

What factors are considered in assessing non-pecuniary damages?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a dismissal for failure to state a claim only count as a strike?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the court considered the relevant factors in determining whether to grant a conditional discharge?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of disclosing confidential information to a third party?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is there a statutory duty of criminal liability for deprivations of civil rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a successful party be considered a "prevailing party" for attorney's fees?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving a plaintiff has a prima facie case in a disparate impact case?


California, United States of America

Does a prosecutor's reference to the defense as "ridiculous and preposterous" constitute denigration of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the evidence supporting a defendant's claim that his confession was involuntary and violated the Miranda rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does section 654 (assault with a deadly weapon) apply to the act of shooting the victim in the knee?


California, United States of America

Is a failure to object to civil jury instructions sufficient to be deemed a waiver?


California, United States of America

What is the test for awarding substantial indemnity costs for pre-litigation conduct that is at the very heart of the proceedings?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for an interpretation of the California Civil Code of Civil Procedure?


California, United States of America

What is the applicable law for appellate review of a finding made by the trial court?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate sentence for a conviction of defrauding Her Majesty of Social Assistance payments?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a certified law student represent a defendant in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

Can Section 1085 of the Code of Civil Procedure be used to compel the performance of a duty which is purely ministerial in character?


California, United States of America

What evidence is required to prove the purpose of the legislation is to infringe aboriginal rights?


British Columbia, Canada

What is reasonable compensation for a plaintiff in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for denial of due process arising out of a disciplinary hearing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of establishing that the government was unable or unwilling to control the alleged persecution of an applicant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the cost-of-living increases for an attorney?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does Section 186.22, subdivision (b)(1)(A)(A) of the California Criminal Code apply to a defendant who is convicted of a charge of a violent crime committed for the benefit of, at the direction of or in association with a criminal street gang?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be punished for more than one act under section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Does the discretionary exclusion rule extend from origin to completion of any governmental activity?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reviewing an administrative decision in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

Does the term "used in the commission of a felony" apply to vehicles?


California, United States of America

Can a police force use justification for a traffic stop in order to run a warrant check?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have standing to complain of a violation of third party's privilege against self-incrimination?


California, United States of America

What is the cumulative prejudicial effect of prosecutorial misconduct and the erroneous admission of highly prejudicial evidence?


California, United States of America

Can a state official be personally sued to perform a duty imposed on him by federal law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a federal district court dismiss a habeas petition without resolving whether all the claims have been exhausted?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of proof required for an award for future care?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a motions judge hear an appeal from a decision rendered by a prothonotary?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the impact of past conduct of the Respondent on parenting skills and access to the children?


Ontario, Canada

Is there an ex post facto violation in a new sex offender crime imposed on an offender who failed to register?


California, United States of America

Does the Double Jeopardy Clause preclude a defendant from a retrial if the evidence is insufficient to support his claim?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for determining whether a sentencing error violated a defendant's due process?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proof against the recipient of a transfer of funds from a parent to a minor?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of a "not for attribution" or "off record" clause in the California Civil Code of Civil Procedure?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for loss of earning capacity in a bar case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the range of enhancements for a firearm enhancement on a charge of first-degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a workable plan?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for making an appearance by telephone rather than in person?


California, United States of America

Does the trial court erred by denying a motion to suppress evidence found during a search of a van by law enforcement?


California, United States of America

What is the test for contempt of court proceedings in civil cases?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the circumstances in which a defendant has failed to appear at a case management conference and subsequently failed to respond to an order striking his answer?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the relationship of a husband and wife and what is the impact of the relationship on the marriage?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a probation officer use a probation search condition to search the home of a third party for the purposes of obtaining an arrest warrant?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an amended version of a civil complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is mentally competent to stand trial?


California, United States of America

What surrounding circumstances will be considered in the context of a resignation or dismissal?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review in a sexual assault case where the prosecution relies mainly on circumstantial evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a person who causes serious emotional distress in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

Is a state's anti-marital status discrimination law unconstitutional?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant be punished for each statutory violation committed in pursuit of two separate objectives under section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Does the Court have jurisdiction to grant relief under section 946.6?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to vacate a guilty plea under section 1016.5 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

Can a felony-murder special circumstance apply?


California, United States of America

What constitutes deliberate indifference in a motor vehicle accident?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review for a motion where a claim has been found to be in breach of the law?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is implied consent when a father agrees to his daughter’s use of his car?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for ordering restitution in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Does Section 459 of the Criminal Code apply to a person who enters a vehicle when the doors are locked?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of a defendant's failure to enter a waiver pursuant to People v. Harvey?


California, United States of America

Are fines assessed to discourage violations of a strata’s bylaws?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant has the mental state required for implied malice to be convicted of murder?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of "a person aids and abets the commission of a crime"?


California, United States of America

What is the test for provocation in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Can equity be invoked to prevent the introduction of confidential information that has gone astray in a subsequent proceeding?


Alberta, Canada

How have instructions been interpreted in the context of a jury trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for detention under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be found guilty as an aider and abettor as a result of his or her right to control of a controlled substance?


California, United States of America

What is the test for general damages in a libel action?


Ontario, Canada

What are the consequences of an administrative agency acting arbitrarily or capriciously when it fails to conform to its own rules and regulations?


"New York", United States of America

What is the "wrinkle" in this Pierringer Agreement?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for excluding evidence that is relevant to the prime theory of the defense?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of a section 52.1 cause of action?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving a settlement offset?


California, United States of America

What is the test for consent to a search in a common room?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the issuance of a grazing permit create a property right?


MultiRegion, United States of America

On remand a convicted felon in possession of a firearm under former section 12021 of the Criminal Code, what is the appropriate sentence for the convicted felon?


California, United States of America

Is corroboration of a key prosecution witness by the introduction of criminal records permissible?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making a Defendant pay full restitution to a victim?


California, United States of America

What are the remaining contentions in defendant's defence of involuntary manslaughter under section 192 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the limitation period of action for prenatal medical malpractice?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting evidence of an uncharged crime?


California, United States of America

Can a jury's verdict be impeached by inquiry into the jurors' mental processes?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admissibility of evidence at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion alleging that a plaintiff has been delayed or prejudiced?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the initial burden of establishing a genuine issue of material fact?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant challenge the seizure of a shotgun during a search?


California, United States of America

Is the Attorney General of Canada on behalf of the State of Israel?


Ontario, Canada

Can pretrial publicity affect the selection of an impartial jury?


California, United States of America

When will a defendant appeal against an award for attorney's fees and costs?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of sedation on sexual assault allegations?


Ontario, Canada

What is the appropriate sentence for a man who pleaded guilty to home invasion and obstruction of police?


New Brunswick, Canada

How have courts dealt with Rule 32(c)(3)(D) violations?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a judge err in concluding that it was foreclosed from considering a Rule 60(b) motion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the standard of proof in cases involving sexual assault cases?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing claims that were previously presented in a federal habeas petition?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law where a defendant has been convicted of touching the buttocks of a victim during oral sex?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the fact that one of the parties lives in the same home?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for limiting defense counsel's questioning during trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on firearms possession in drug trafficking cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a state procedural rule sufficient to be reviewed by the federal court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the appropriate management fee?


Ontario, Canada

Does the inconsistency between the jury's conviction on a charge of child annoyance and a jury's deadlock on a burglary charge stand?


California, United States of America

Does public policy preclude a defendant from waiving their right to appeal their sentencing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of the collision between a bus and a motor vehicle on a pedestrian crossing?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant be convicted of multiple crimes arising out of the same act or course of conduct?


California, United States of America

What is the test for knowingly participating in a breach of duty by a fiduciary who is not a trustee?


Alberta, Canada

What is the current state of the law in relation to sentencing of "grossly disproportionate" offenders?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of discretion when a motion for a preliminary injunction is denied?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for failing to disclose a reasonable cause of action?


Ontario, Canada

What would have been considered by the court when determining the length of notice given to an employee when they were terminated?


Manitoba, Canada

Is referring to a party's wealth to play off the bias of the jury in a personal injury case misconduct?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the Court treated the issue of whether the word "supervisor" was in the original proposed jury instruction?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between the time bar and the last employer rule?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can privilege be waived through inadvertent disclosure?


Ontario, Canada

Is an arrest warrant an instrumentality in pleading?


California, United States of America

Does a litigant have to argue new theories for the first time on appeal?


California, United States of America

How has the US Courts treated judicial misconduct in the context of judicial misconduct?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant be found mentally incompetent to stand trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for habeas relief de novo?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of the judge's admonishment to the jury that rebuttal summation is only the argument of counsel, not evidence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is it improper for a prosecutor to imply that a defense counsel has fabricated evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of section 1018 of the California Criminal Code when a defendant withdraws a plea of guilty?


California, United States of America

Is there any abuse of a district court's decision to exclude alleged hearsay evidence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What factors will the court use to determine an award for abuse of discretion in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

How may a defendant negate the inference of negligence by raising the defence of explanation or defence of inevitable accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing a conspiracy?


California, United States of America

Does the meaning of the expression "cause of action" need to be interpreted in the context of cases where the issue of jurisdiction does not arise?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for admitting a statement made by a defendant during his arrest but before receiving the warnings against self-incrimination required by Miranda?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an "overriding error" in a finding of fact?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the legal test for reversal of a jury verdict in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an ineffective assistance of counsel claim?


California, United States of America