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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the test for a jury to determine whether a defendant has a duty to instruct the jury on self-defense?


California, United States of America

Can an agent be held liable in negligence or breach of fiduciary duty for failing to warn an insured of the limitations of the policy?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant bring an appeal to the Court of Appeal against a finding that the trial court wrongfully convicted him of assault?


California, United States of America

What is the test for restricting cross-examination in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a prosecutor be allowed to excuse prospective juror No. 389 from a jury panel?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court sentence a defendant for committing two armed robberies at the same time?


California, United States of America

Is there an Eighth Amendment violation regarding lack of vocational and educational programs?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court reject an affidavit alleging that an alleged informer witnessed a drug transaction in a parking lot?


California, United States of America

What is the test for awarding costs in a personal injury case?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for appeal jurisdiction in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for certifying a marriage?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the elements of a stolen vehicle offence?


California, United States of America

Does not need to perform operations at the moment of injury to the moment the incident occurred?


California, United States of America

Is a prosecutor entitled to comment on the credibility of a witness?


California, United States of America

Does a state rule restricting post-hypnosis testimony in a criminal case invalidate a defendant's right to testify?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of requiring an undertaking as to damages under an interlocutory injunction?


Alberta, Canada

What are the consequences of a plaintiff's failure to challenge his fines and fees?


California, United States of America

When will a court award non-pecuniary damages?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a plaintiff entitled to interest in his personal injury claim?


California, United States of America

Can a landlord who accepts rent after knowledge of a sub-letting thereafter raise the issue of forfeiture?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the case law on dental malpractice in the context of oral malpractice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When a plaintiff pleads a violation of a statutory duty, does she have to specifically allege the applicable statute or regulation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing an information based on outrageous government conduct?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted jury instructions in a personal injury trial?


California, United States of America

Does section 654, subdivision (a) of the California Criminal Code apply to a defendant who committed a crime against a different party?


California, United States of America

What are the elements necessary to prove a violation of section 422 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

Does a director owe a fiduciary duty to shareholders?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for a jury to consider a claim of juror misconduct?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for the purpose of determining whether a claim is valid or invalid?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for relief in a federal habeas case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in this case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a prosecutor permitted to vouch for the credibility of his or her witnesses?


California, United States of America

What is the test for presenting prior crime evidence at trial?


California, United States of America

Is there a clear definition of the reasonable doubt standard?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does comment on a criminal defendant's failure to testify constitute a Fifth Amendment privilege?


California, United States of America

In a domestic violence case involving a primary caregiver and her partner, is the primary carer required to return with the child?


Ontario, Canada

What are the grounds for reconsideration of a severance decision made in July 10, 2007?


British Columbia, Canada

How is a suggested error of law reviewed?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the opening brief in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Does a failure to give a Miranda warning render a consent to search involuntary?


California, United States of America

What is the test for having a jury trial in a civil case?


Alberta, Canada

Does a plaintiff have to continue to pursue a statutory cause of action against the insurer in the absence of a final determination of liability?


California, United States of America

What is the range of damages available to a plaintiff in a copyright action brought by a third party who infringes copyright?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the 9th Circuit have jurisdiction to grant qualified immunity?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law where the due diligence requirement is not satisfied by waiting for someone else to advise who the correct defendant is?


Ontario, Canada

What is required to raise a doubt in a mental health case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a jury be allowed to consider supplemental instructions to the jury during deliberations?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for a supplemental brief in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Is there a reasonable excuse, supported by evidence supporting evidence to justify the petitioner's failure to exhaust?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of proof required for a defendant to be successful in appealing against a sentence enhancement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a warrant for arrest have to be issued before the expiration of the statute of limitations?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a jury found a defendant personally armed with a firearm in the commission of the crime?


California, United States of America

Can a complaint fail to state a cause of action where the date alleged is barred by the statute of limitations?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reviewing a district court's decision to deny a habeas corpus petition?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a defendant have a valid argument to argue that a recorded phone conversation with an informant was obtained in violation of his right to due process?


California, United States of America

Does an illegal entry by an informant to a hotel room during a search warrant search result?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review for a preliminary assessment of a human rights complaint?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the voir dire of prospective jurors in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining credibility issues in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of a matrimonial home?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any case law where a defendant has been found in contempt of court for breaching the terms of a civil contract?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a jogger, rollerblader or pedestrian be hit by a vehicle?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for summary trial in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the consequences of ineffective counsel in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Does the failure to charge the jury that accomplice testimony should be scrutinized with special care and caution constitute plain error?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts dealt with discovery of mental health records in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to find that a defendant intended to kill while lying in wait?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of a cause of action for breach of fiduciary duty?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of a motion to amend or alter a judgment under Civil Rule 59?


federal, United States of America

Is there a sufficient factual basis to support an allegation that appellant personally inflicted great bodily injury within section 1192.7, subdivision (c) of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the meaning of the word "willing to act" in the context of reasonable doubt?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admissible evidence in a motion for certification?


Ontario, Canada

What is the legal test for a lawyer who makes a tactical error in making a motion?


California, United States of America

What are the general principles of a motorcyclist's liability in a collision involving a truck driver?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances have counsel been found to be reasonable in their performance with regard to a pretrial motion?


California, United States of America

What is the test for deliberation and premeditation in a murder case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for indemnifying a successful litigant for the costs of enforcing their rights?


Ontario, Canada

Can a plaintiff bring a state law claim for breach of a collective bargaining agreement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a warrant be issued on the basis of an affidavit that states that there is insufficient probable cause to search the whole premises?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for setting aside a jury verdict in a trial where counsel's address to the jury is offensive or irrelevant to any issue properly before the jury?


Ontario, Canada

What is the meaning of the word "peremptorily" in the context of a preliminary inquiry?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for a plaintiff to sue for damages under the Fourth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the conditions of supervised release for a convicted rapist?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of improper testimony in the guilt phase of the trial of a defendant in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is equitable estoppel for a plaintiff to plead the statute of limitations?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a dismissal for failure to state a claim pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) de novo?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances have the Joneses been successful in their claim for possession of the Disputed Area?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining that a rational trier of fact could not have found the essential elements of a crime beyond a reasonable doubt?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a party has to bear their own attorney fees?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for error of jurisdiction?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can the police seize evidence in plain view without a warrant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for retroactive child support and extraordinary expenses?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review applicable when a plaintiff appeals from his or her award after a default?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a plaintiff has a real and substantial possibility of future income loss?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proving that the statute of limitation has run out?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for equity in a real estate transaction?


British Columbia, Canada

What are some cases where a defendant was convicted of possessing a firearm by convicted felon and carrying a concealed firearm?


California, United States of America

Can an employer be held liable for injuries sustained by an employee during an armed robbery?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for an opening brief in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the role of a jury in the penalty phase of a death penalty trial?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with the issue of ineffectiveness of counsel on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an identity of interest claim in a Master Transfer Agreement?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the scope of judicial review in the context of a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What are the reasons for a mother's decision to move to Canada from Canada to Canada?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Does the fact that a young girl was detained in a poorly lit, high-crime area with gang activity justify a stop?


California, United States of America

Can evidence seized during an illegal search be used in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for due process under the Fourteenth Amendment?


California, United States of America

When will a court infer liability for tortfeasor's actions?


Ontario, Canada

How can a defendant challenge his guilty plea in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for relying on inconsistent statements in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to bring a civil action against a federal government official who allegedly deprived him of a federal constitutional right?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the collateral order exception apply to the final judgment rule?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does section 777 and 781 of the California Criminal Code allow a defendant to stand trial in the county where the crime took place?


California, United States of America

When a party enters into a structure under a contract where the contract does not stipulate that it will be reasonably fit for the purpose for which it is intended, is the contract enforceable?


Yukon, Canada

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be able to claim damages for loss of income capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

Does disclosure of policy limits to the trial judge give rise to a reasonable apprehension of bias?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the threshold for a variation of a custody or access order?


British Columbia, Canada

Can the doctrine of abuse of process apply when two separate actions are brought at the same time?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the implications of a marriage/separation agreement for spousal support under the Divorce Act?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an employer be vicariously liable in a motor vehicle accident?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for a court to exercise discretion in deciding whether or not to intervene in a civil matter?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a prosecutor entitled to comment on a defense counsel's argument that their client's testimony is flawed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a plaintiff be deemed a prevailing party in civil rights litigation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a guilty plea in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Does a preliminary hearing need to take place before the accused can challenge the legal sufficiency of the complaint?


California, United States of America

What is the test for assessing the plausibility of a claim in a mortgage application?


federal, United States of America

What is the test for damages for defamation?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does the fact that evidence could have been obtained without violation of an individual’s rights aggravate the seriousness of a breach?


Ontario, Canada

Is an Immigration Officer "alive and alert and to the interests of her child"?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for damages under the Fatal Accidents Act?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proving that a procedure is illegal?


"New York", United States of America

Is an unlawful detainer action governed solely by the provisions of the statute creating it?


California, United States of America

Is comparative juror analysis relevant in determining whether to strike a prospective juror?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant appeal against his sentence for the murder of a pedestrian who was struck and killed by a car?


California, United States of America

What is the test for obtaining a certificate of appealability in a federal habeas proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts and assessment officers dealt with escalating costs and proportionality?


Ontario, Canada

Can a defendant be held criminally responsible as an accomplice as a result of a crime he or she intended to aid and abet?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a defendant pay for the costs associated with acquiring the relevant clinical notes and records?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant has been found to be an illegal immigrant in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the scope of a grand jury investigation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the scope of a jury's duty to deliver instructions to the defense in a robbery case?


California, United States of America

Is there a difference between a trial judge and an appellate judge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a motor vehicle accident occurred as a result of MVAs?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a person who reads a libel notice be allowed to give evidence as to who it refers to?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for attorney fees under the anti-SLAPP statute?


California, United States of America

What are the applicable legal principles in assessing potential future loss?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the principles applicable on an application to re-open a trial?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the extent of community prejudice against defendant in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Can plaintiffs establish a "class of one" equal protection claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the Miranda rights?


California, United States of America

What is the consequence of a finding of guilty on two counts of common law sexual assault?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is Bivens relief available to federal agents who infringe First Amendment rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the meaning of the word “out of” and “in the course” in a motor vehicle accident?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does section 170.6 of the Code of Civil Procedure violate the constitution?


California, United States of America

Does a plaintiff have to pay attorney's fees in a personal injury action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is counsel ineffective for failing to bring a motion where such action would be futile?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of disclosure required by a medical professional?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a corporate director owe a duty to the corporation?


California, United States of America

Does the exclusionary rule apply to agents who did not read the actual warrant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does appellant waive a substantive constitutional right to make a claim before the state court and get a ruling on it?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a trial judge impose terms and conditions on an award of custody?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the effect of comparing the facts of two separate cases?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for deductibility of disability benefits when an employee seeks to claim damages for wrongful dismissal?


Ontario, Canada

Does the phrase "shall remain in or upon the conveyance" apply to a motor vehicle?


"New York", United States of America

Does a lawyer who has billed a certain sum, and believes it to be reasonable?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a court to admit propensity evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for probable cause in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What evidence supports the claim that the jury was aware of the restraints placed on appellant during the penalty phase?


California, United States of America

Is solicitor-client privilege waived if material is provided to a third party?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is character evidence admitted and accepted into evidence in a human rights panel hearing?


Alberta, Canada

Does attorney-client privilege apply to disclose the identity of an anonymous client?


California, United States of America

What is the purpose of the preamble to the Hague Convention on Human Rights?


Alberta, Canada

On what grounds can a judge refuse to grant a conditional discharge?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the doctrine of common law in the context of medical malpractice?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a meaning in a contract where the contract does not contain an independent review?


California, United States of America

Does a combined sentence under Section 846 of the New York State Criminal Code apply to a defendant convicted of conspiracy to commit a drug trafficking offence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the difference between "A person is equally guilty of the crime whether he or she is personally or aided and abetted"?


California, United States of America

What rights does a probationer have in search conditions?


California, United States of America

Does a plea of guilty constitute a waiver of trial or an express admission of guilt?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a state legislature has sufficient authority to exercise its own legislative powers?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a transfer of property for no consideration?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a defendant have to waive his right to a jury to appeal his conviction on appeal of a jury selection error?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of discrimination in the context of employment law in Canada?


Alberta, Canada

Does the presumption of innocence need to be assumed at trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of establishing causation in a medical malpractice case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is an acquittal in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is possession of a gun dangerous?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a party who does not wish to suffer partition or sale?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an attorney to be admitted to a contract where the contract is fraudulent?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the surrogatum principle in Canadian law and what is the test for assessing whether an award or settlement payment is taxable?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the current state of the law in relation to discovery?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reasonable inquiry in a mortgage application?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for tortious injury to property?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant was guilty only of battery but not rape?


California, United States of America

Does a prosecution have the right to cross-examine the testimony of a forensic pathologist who did not prepare the autopsy report or take the photographs he testified about?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to find a defendant guilty of voluntary manslaughter?


California, United States of America

Does the use of dual juries in a capital punishment case violate the constitution?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a defendant entitled to instruction on his own theory of defense?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for relief from judgment to amend the terms of a claim against the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the date on which a prisoner's notice of appeal was delivered to prison staff for delivery to the court?


MultiRegion, United States of America