Does the Seventh Circuit have any concerns about the delay and expense associated with the certification process?

⁷ See also Brown v. Argosy Gaming Co. , 384 F.3d 413, 417 (7th Cir. 2004) (noting the Seventh Circuits "hesitancy to utilize the certification process with its incumbent costs to the litigants and the state court system").

⁸ See Tunick v. Safir , 209 F.3d 67, 78-79 (2d Cir. 2000) (noting the delay and expense associated with certification); see also id. at 95 (Sack, J., concurring) (objecting to certification because it would postpone the plaintiffs speech, but reluctantly concurring in certification as preferable to a stalemate without a majority).