The following excerpt is from McConner v. Meyers, 979 F.2d 855 (9th Cir. 1992):
The question of whether a defendant knowingly and voluntarily entered into a guilty plea is reviewed de novo by a federal habeas court. Marshall v. Lonberger, 459 U.S. 422, 435-38 (1983). A state court's determination of the underlying facts of such a claim are entitled to a presumption of correctness under 28 U.S.C. 2254(d). Id.
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