California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Jenkins, A136340 (Cal. App. 2014):
Payton relies on two federal cases in which a trial court expressed the opinion that the prosecution had established one or more elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt, even though the elements were disputed. In United States v. Murdock (1933) 290 U.S. 389, the trial court told the jury, " 'I want to instruct you that whatever the court
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