Does the lingering doubt defense need to be presented to the jury?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Brooks, 2 Cal.5th 674, 216 Cal.Rptr.3d 528, 393 P.3d 1 (Cal. 2017):

Defendant argues, however, that once the court decided to instruct on lingering doubt, it was required to pinpoint for the jury that the defense theory of lingering doubt was based on heat of passion. To support this proposition, defendant cites to People v. Gay (2008) 42 Cal.4th 1195, 73 Cal.Rptr.3d 442, 178 P.3d 422, but that decision does not assist him. In that case, the court gave the penalty jury a lingering doubt instruction but prevented defense counsel from presenting a lingering doubt defense and informed the jury that the defendant's responsibility for the murder had been conclusively decided at an earlier trial on guilt. (Id . at p. 1225, 73 Cal.Rptr.3d 442, 178 P.3d 422.) This court reversed the penalty judgment, holding that these evidentiary and instructional errors posed "an intolerable risk" that the jury did not consider the defense case in mitigation, which was largely based on lingering doubt. (Id . at p. 1226, 73 Cal.Rptr.3d 442, 178 P.3d 422.) Gay did not state that instruction on lingering doubt is required, but that, under our death penalty law, the defense is entitled to present evidence and argument in support of a lingering doubt defense. In the present matter, defendant received that to which he was entitled, and more.

Other Questions


Does the lingering doubt defense need to be presented to the jury? (California, United States of America)
Does the lingering doubt defense need to be presented to the jury? (California, United States of America)
Does the absence of lingering doubt from a recitation of evidence the defense offered in an attempt to raise reasonable doubt raise a reasonable doubt? (California, United States of America)
Does a jury have to instruct the jury on self-defense and defense of others? (California, United States of America)
Does a jury error in failing to instruct the jury on self-defense constitute a harmless beyond a reasonable doubt? (California, United States of America)
In what circumstances will a jury allow a defendant to present his defense in the absence of jury instructions? (California, United States of America)
What is the test for a jury to determine whether a defendant's failure to instruct the jury on an element of the crime is harmless beyond a reasonable doubt? (California, United States of America)
Can defense counsel argue that defense counsel failed to object to the foregoing procedure or request that written instructions be provided to the jury? (California, United States of America)
Does the definition of reasonable doubt given during jury selection constitute a jury instruction? (California, United States of America)
Can a jury be misled by the unadorned instruction of the prosecutor and defense counsel that the jury has sole responsibility to determine whether death is appropriate in this case? (California, United States of America)
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