The following excerpt is from Demuth v. Cnty. of L.A., 798 F.3d 837 (9th Cir. 2015):
While the law must be unambiguous to overcome qualified immunity, that doesn't mean that every official action is protected ... unless the very action in question has previously been held unlawful.C.B. v. City of Sonora, 769 F.3d 1005, 1026 (9th Cir.2014). [O]fficials can still be on notice that their conduct violates established law even in novel factual circumstances. Hope v. Pelzer, 536 U.S. 730, 741, 122 S.Ct. 2508, 153 L.Ed.2d 666 (2002). This is especially true in the Fourth Amendment context, where the constitutional standardreasonablenessis always a very fact-specific inquiry. C.B., 769 F.3d at 1026.
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