California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Barrera, 14 Cal.App.4th 1555, 18 Cal.Rptr.2d 395 (Cal. App. 1993):
As Barrera acknowledges, the term "cruel" in the definition of torture withstands a challenge based upon vagueness. (People v. Talamantez (1985) 169 Cal.App.3d 443, 457, 215 Cal.Rptr. 542 [discussing torture-murder].)
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