Does the confrontation clause in the Civil Code of Civil Procedure apply to statements made by police officers in the course of questioning?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Graham, C087027 (Cal. App. 2021):

[2] In Crawford v. Washington (2004) 541 U.S. 36 [158 L.Ed.2d 177], the United States Supreme Court held that the confrontation clause strictly excludes out-of-court statements that are testimonial, unless the declarant is unavailable and the defendant has a prior opportunity for cross-examination. (Id. at pp. 51-54, 59.) The core class of testimonial statements' includes [s]tatements taken by police officers in the course of interrogations.... (Id. at pp. 51, 52.)

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