The following excerpt is from U.S. v. McConney, 728 F.2d 1195 (9th Cir. 1984):
5 Although rule 52(a) is a rule of civil procedure, the clearly erroneous test which it sets forth is applied in both civil and criminal proceedings. See, e.g., United States v. Page, 302 F.2d 81 (9th Cir.1962) (en banc).
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