Does Probable Cause exist when, under totality, the arresting officer would have concluded that there was no crime?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from United States v. Martinez, CASE NO. 13CR3560-WQH (S.D. Cal. 2014):

502 F.3d at 1135. "Probable cause exists when, under the totality of the circumstances known to the arresting officers, a prudent person would have concluded that there was a fair probability that [the defendant] had committed a crime." United States v. Garza, 980 F.2d 546, 550 (9th Cir.1992) (alteration in original) (citation and quotation marks omitted). "Probable cause means only a 'fair probability,' not certainty, and requires

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